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MANUAL 

Of  the  Board  of  Foreign  Missions  of 
the  Presbyterian  Church 
in  the  U.  S.  A. 


REVISED  — 1922 


PRESBYTERIAN  BUILDING 
NEW  YORK 


MANUAL 

Of  the  Board  of  Foreign  Missions  of 
the  Presbyterian  Church 
in  the  U.  S.  A. 


REVISED  —  1922 


PRESBYTERIAN  BUILDING 
NEW  YORK 


INTRODUCTION 


This  Manual  is  for  the  use  and  guidance  of  the  members 
and  officers  of  the  Board  of  Foreign  Missions  of  the  Presby¬ 
terian  Church  in  the  U.  S.  A.  and  of  the  whole  missionary 
force  of  that  Church,  including  candidates  preparing  for 
foreign  service. 

This  Manual  is  not  in  a  strict  sense  a  formal  contract.  It 
rather  presents  the  principles  of  action  and  rules  which  long 
experience  shows  will  make  for  efficient  and  harmonious 
service. 

The  present  revision  of  the  Manual  embodies  the  result 
of  careful  study  by  representatives  of  the  Missions  and  of 
the  Board,  assembled  at  the  Post  War  Conference  in  June, 
1920.  The  Findings  there  adopted  were  then  reviewed  by 
the  twenty-six  Missions  of  the  Church,  and  were  approved  by 
the  Board  and  by  the  General  Assembly  of  1922.  Incor¬ 
porated  also  in  this  Manual  are  the  actions  of  the  Chosen 
Commission  whose  report  was  approved  by  the  same  General 
Assembly. 

This  revision  accordingly  supersedes  previous  editions  and 
the  changes  in  Mission  and  Board  principles  and  policy,  which 
it  summarizes,  should  be  carefully  studied  by  all  concerned. 

This  edition  of  the  Manual  is  published  with  the  hope  and 
prayer  that  it  may  be  of  help  and  a  guide  to  all  those,  both 
at  home  and  abroad,  who  are  directly  related  to  the  work  of 
Foreign  Missions  of  the  Presbyterian  Church,  and  who  for 
Christ’s  sake  have  given  their  lives  to  this  service. 


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Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 
in  2018  with  funding  from 
Columbia  University  Libraries 


https://archive.org/details/manualofboardoff00pres_2 


SECTION  I. 


OBJECTIVES  AND  FORMS  OF  WORK 

A.  THE  AIM  OF  FOREIGN  MISSIONS. 

1.  The  supreme  and  controlling  aim  of  foreign  missions 
is  to  make  the  Lord  Jesus  Christ  known  to  all  men  as  their 
Divine  Saviour  and  to  persuade  them  to  become  His  disciples; 
to  gather  these  disciples  into  Christian  churches  which  shall 
be  self-propagating,  self-supporting  and  self-governing;  to 
cooperate,  so  long  as  necessary,  with  these  churches  in  the 
evangelizing  of  their  countrymen,  and  in  bringing  to  bear  on 
all  human  life  the  spirit  and  principles  of  Christ. 

B.  RELATIONSHIPS  OF  GENERAL  ASSEMBLY, 
FOREIGN  BOARD,  MISSIONS,  AND 
MISSIONARIES 

Report  of  the  Chosen  Commission  to  the  General 
Assembly  of  1922. 

2.  “The  commission  ‘Go  ye  into  all  the  world,  and  preach 
the  Gospel  to  the  whole  creation’  (Mark  16:15)  was  given 
to  the  whole  Church,  and  the  work  of  evangelizing  non- 
Christian  nations  is  the  responsibility  of  all  Christians.  ‘The 
Church  itself  is  the  first  Missionary  Society.’ 

“The  General  Assembly  of  the  Presbyterian  Church  in  the 
U.  S.  A.,  acting  on  behalf  of  the  whole  Church  and  in  ac¬ 
cordance  with  the  provisions  of  its  Constitution,  conducts 
the  work  of  Foreign  Missions  of  the  Presbyterian  Church  by 
a  Board  appointed  for  that  purpose. 

“The  Board  of  Foreign  Missions  is  the  agent  of  the  General 
Assembly  for  organizing,  supporting  and  administering  the 
work  of  Foreign  Missions.  It  is  amenable  to  the  General 
Assembly,  and  reports  its  proceedings  every  year  for  review 


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and  approval.  It  has  complete  supervision  of  the  whole 
Foreign  Mission  work  of  the  Church,  subject  only  to  such 
directions  as  may  be  given  from  time  to  time  by  the  General 
Assembly. 

“The  missionaries  on  the  field  are  representatives  of  the 
whole  Presbyterian  Church.  Ordained  ministers  are  subject 
to  the  jurisdiction  of  the  Presbyteries  of  which  they  are 
members  in  all  matters  pertaining  to  their  ministerial  stand¬ 
ing.  As  missionaries,  in  common  with  all  others  appointed 
by  the  Foreign  Board,  they  are  necessarily  under  the  direc¬ 
tion  and  control  of  the  Board  as  the  agent  of  the  General 
Assembly. 

“The  Missions  are  the  agents  of  the  Board  of  Foreign  Mis¬ 
sions  for  organizing  and  administering  the  work  on  the  field. 
Their  powers  are  delegated  by  the  Board,  with  the  approval 
of  the  General  Assembly,  and  are  defined  in  the  Board’s 
Manual.  They  regularly  report  all  actions  to  the  Board  for 
review  and  approval.  The  Mission  is  not  a  permanent  in¬ 
stitution.  It  is  a  necessary  organization  in  the  first  stages 
of  evangelization,  but  aims  to  build  up  as  soon  as  possible 
an  indigenous  Church,  which  shall  be  self-propagating,  self- 
supporting  and  self-governing,  and  prepares  and  encourages 
the  native  Church  to  complete  the  work  of  evangelization  in 
the  mode  best  suited  to  its  own  national  genius.”  (For 
remainder  of  report  see  Paragraphs  32,  33.) 

C.  FORMS  OF  WORK. 

The  Board  deems  all  methods  and  forms  of  missionary 
service  legitimate  in  so  far  as  they  contribute  to  the  realiza¬ 
tion  of  the  aim  stated  in  Paragraph  1.  At  the  same  time 
it  recognizes  that  questions  of  proportion  and  relation  of 
various  methods  will  have  to  be  determined  in  the  light  of 
varying  conditions. 


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Evangelistic  or  Church  Work. 

3.  In  the  direct  evangelistic  or  church  work,  the  aim  is: 

(a)  To  convey  the  Gospel  to  the  people  as  quickly  and 
effectively  as  possible  by  preaching,  teaching,  evangelistic 
institutional  enterprises,  personal  work,  distribution  of  litera¬ 
ture,  the  example  of  the  Christian  life,  and  the  influence  of 
the  Christian  home. 

(b)  To  instruct  in  the  Word  of  God  and  lead  into  saving 
relationship  with  Christ  those  who  have  become  interested 
in  the  Gospel  message. 

(c)  To  co-operate  in  organizing  into  churches  and  in  pro¬ 
viding  for  the  spiritual  oversight  and  nurture  of  converts, 
that  they  may  be  developed  into  faithful  and  efficient  Chris¬ 
tians,  filled  with  zeal  for  the  glory  of  God  and  the  salvation 
of  men. 

(d)  To  co-operate  with  the  Church  in  promoting  such 
practical  forms  of  service  for  the  welfare  of  individuals  and 
society  as  will  adequately  express  the  spirit  of  Jesus  Christ 
and  the  social  teachings  of  His  Gospel. 

(e)  To  co-operate  with  the  Church  in  seeking  out  and 
training  men  and  women  of  special  promise  for  leadership 
in  the  various  kinds  of  evangelistic  work  carried  on  by  the 
Mission  or  the  Church. 

Educational  Work. 

4.  The  aims  of  missionary  education  are  as  follows: 

(a)  The  Evangelization  of  non-Christians.  In  some  coun¬ 
tries  missionary  schools  furnish  an  important  means  of  at¬ 
tracting  young  people  to  come  under  Christian  influences, 
often  including  classes  not  ordinarily  accessible  to  the  evan¬ 
gelist,  and  affording  opportunity  through  prolonged  contact 
for  thoroughly  setting  forth  the  Gospel  by  word,  example, 
work  and  personal  friendship. 


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(b)  The  leavening  of  non-Christian  society.  Through 
some  who  may  not  confess  Christ  in  the  school,  or  who  may 
never  confess  Him,  Christian  ideals  may  yet  be  brought  to 
bear  on  non-Christian  society  that  its  evils  may  be  abated, 
its  spirit  influenced,  and  the  winning  of  others  to  faith  in 
Christ  facilitated. 

(c)  An  essential  aim  of  missionary  education  is  the  nur¬ 
ture  of  the  children  of  the  Christian  community,  and  the  train¬ 
ing  of  those  fitted  for  Christian  leadership.  This  objective, 
which  is  essential  to  the  missionary  enterprise  and  which 
cannot  be  adequately  met  in  any  country  except  by  missionary 
education,  involves  the  training  for  efficient  participation  in 
family,  community,  vocational,  church  and  state  life.  Evan¬ 
gelization  is  primary  and  essential  to  this,  but  evangelistic 
methods  are  not  sufficient  for  its  accomplishment.  Secular 
education  is  not  adequate  because  it  does  not  prepare  for 
efficient  Christian  participation  in  social  life.  Even  mis¬ 
sionary  education  will  not  meet  the  need  unless  it  has  a  thor¬ 
oughly  socialized  curriculum  and  supplies  specific  training 
that  is  both  Christian  and  efficient. 

Medical  Work. 

5.  The  work  of  medical  missions  is  not  merely  a  key  to 
open  the  door  into  non-Christian  communities,  but  an  in¬ 
tegral  part  of  the  Gospel  enterprise. 

While  everything  possible  should  be  done  to  alleviate  suf¬ 
fering  and  save  life,  at  the  same  time  the  physician  and  nurse 
should  aim  to  multiply  their  powers,  through  the  training 
of  doctors  and  nurses,  thereby  establishing  in  the  country 
an  indigenous  Christian  medical  profession.  The  accomplish¬ 
ment  of  this  purpose  will  require  medical  schools  and  hos¬ 
pitals  properly  equipped  and  staffed,  training  schools  for 
nurses,  the  creation  of  medical  literature,  and  facilities  for 
training  in  medical  research  and  in  the  promotion  of  public 
health. 


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The  medical  care  of  the  missionaries  and  the  institutions 
under  their  control  will  be  one  of  the  chief  responsibilities 
of  the  medical  force,  and  this  service  properly  rendered  can 
be  utilized  to  increase  greatly  the  efficiency  and  prolong  the 
service  of  the  entire  missionary  body. 

Social  service  by  the  medical  staff  should  also  be  advan¬ 
tageously  used  for  the  removal  of  ignorance,  poverty  and 
vice,  and  undoubtedly  is  one  of  the  most  effective  methods 
of  evangelization. 

Both  physician  and  nurse  ought  continually  to  sound  the 
inspiring  note  of  fervent  loyalty  to  the  Lord  Jesus  Christ 
in  order  that  His  spirit  may  permeate  the  entire  work  and 
that  the  seed  sown  in  loving  service  may  yield  a  rich  harvest 
of  human  souls. 

Literary  Work. 

6.  In  the  literature  and  publication  department,  the  aim 
is  to  prepare  and  widely  circulate  in  the  vernacular  the  Bible 
and  other  books,  tracts  and  periodicals  for  the  nurture  and 
improvement  of  Christians  and  the  pupils  of  Christian  and 
other  schools,  together  with  literature  suitable  for  apologetic 
and  evangelistic  purposes;  and,  wherever  practicable,  to  util¬ 
ize  the  native  press  as  a  means  of  disseminating  Christian 
truth. 


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SECTION  II. 


THE  MISSIONARY  FORCE 

A,  GENERAL  REQUIREMENTS. 

7.  (a)  Regular  missionaries  are  all  missionaries  ordained 
or  lay,  men  or  women,  under  full  appointment  and  support  of 
the  Board  and  subject  to  the  obligations  and  entitled  to  the 
privileges  set  forth  in  the  Manual.  Wives  of  missionaries 
are  included. 

(b)  Affiliated  missionaries  are  missionaries  who  are  not 
under  full  appointment  by  the  Board  or  subject  to  the  pro¬ 
visions  of  the  Manual  but  are  entitled  to  attend  Mission  Meet¬ 
ings  and  participate  in  the  counsels  of  the  Mission  without 
vote,  unless  by  special  action  of  the  Mission  and  the  Board. 
Affiliated  missionaries  may  be  supported  in  whole  or  in 
part  by  the  Board,  or  may  be  otherwise  supported  or  be 
self-supporting. 

(c)  Special  term  missionaries  are  missionaries  appointed 
for  a  fixed  term  and  sent  out  by  the  Board  or  employed  by 
the  Missions  and  supported  either  by  the  Board  or  by 
some  institution  or  department  of  its  work.  Such  mission¬ 
aries  are  responsible  to  the  institution  or  department  in 
which  they  are  employed  and  are  not  entitled  to  outfit  or 
home  allowance,  but  only  to  such  provision  as  is  specified  in 
the  terms  of  their  engagement. 

There  are  missionaries  under  these  three  classes  who  are 
self-supporting  as  to  salary,  travel  and  all  other  financial 
allowances,  but  whose  obligations  and  privileges  are  the 
same  as  those  of  other  missionaries  of  their  class. 

Moral  and  Spiritual. 

8.  Candidates  for  appointment  to  the  missionary  force 
should  be  of  fine  Christian  character  and  culture,  with  deep 
conviction  as  to  the  fundamentals  of  the  Faith  and  a  strong 


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desire  to  serve  Christ,  already  made  evident  by  Christian 
work  at  home,  A  small  number  of  such  candidates  is  prefer¬ 
able  to  a  greater  number  lacking  in  earnestness  and  spiritual 
qualifications.  The  above  requirements  are  also  essential  in 
the  case  of  short  term  candidates. 

Educational. 

9.  As  a  rule,  other  things  being  equal,  the  higher  the 
educational  qualifications  the  more  efficient  will  be  the  mis¬ 
sionary. 

The  minimum  educational  qualifications  should  be  a  full 
High  School  course  plus  at  least  two  years  of  technical  train¬ 
ing,  together  with  special  Bible  training,  but  a  full  college 
course  plus  the  Bible  and  technical  training  is  the  ideal.  Mar¬ 
ried  women,  as  a  rule,  shall  have  the  same  qualifications  as 
are  required  of  single  women. 

Application. 

10.  Persons  desiring  appointment  as  missionaries  are  ex¬ 
pected  to  answer  a  series  of  personal  questions  as  to  health, 
preparation  and  Christian  experience;  to  submit  certificates  of 
church  membership;  and  to  undergo  a  medical  examination 
by  a  physician  designated  by  the  Board.  They  are  also 
expected  to  write  a  letter  giving  in  brief  a  sketch  of  their 
lives;  their  Christian  development;  their  motives  in  seeking 
missionary  appointment;  the  content  of  their  Christian 
message;  and  to  furnish  any  other  information  which  the 
Board  ought  to  have  bearing  upon  their  appointment.  Names 
should  also  be  furnished  of  those  who  can  speak  of  the  can¬ 
didate’s  qualifications.  All  candidates  should  correspond  with 
the  Candidate  Department  which,  upon  request,  will  supply 
regular  forms  of  application. 

Justice  and  kindness  alike  require  that  in  all  cases  testi¬ 
monials  should  be  full,  discriminating  and  impartial.  They 


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should  be  sent  directly  to  the  Board  by  those  writing  them, 
and  will  be  regarded  as  private  and  confidential. 

Age. 

11.  Candidates  as  a  rule  should  not  be  over  thirty  years 
of  age,  but  men  and  women  fairly  matured  mentally  are 
preferable  to  those  who  lack  experience  in  dealing  with  men 
and  in  meeting  serious  problems.  Only  in  special  cases 
will  candidates  who  have  children  be  considered  for  ap¬ 
pointment  as  missionaries. 

B.  SPECIAL  REQUIREMENTS. 

Ordained  Missionaries. 

12.  In  addition  to  the  requirements  in  Paragraph  10,  those 
seeking  appointment  as  ordained  missionaries  will  be  required 
to  furnish  testimonials  from  their  college  and  seminary  pro¬ 
fessors,  or  something  equivalent,  as  to  their  literary  and 
theological  attainments;  also  recommendations  from  their 
Presbyteries  as  to  their  standing  and  qualifications  for  mis¬ 
sionary  work.  Without  such  recommendation  of  Presbytery, 
no  ordained  missionary  will  be  commissioned.  It  is  expected 
that  such  candidates  will  have  had  some  experience  in  per¬ 
sonal  evangelistic  effort. 

Educational  Missionaries. 

13.  Those  seeking  appointment  as  Educational  Mission¬ 
aries  should  present  testimonials  not  only  from  the  colleges 
and  normal  schools  in  which  they  have  studied  but  also  con¬ 
cerning  their  experience  and  capabilities  as  teachers. 

Medical  Missionaries. 

14.  Those  desiring  appointment  as  medical  missionaries 
(both  men  and  women),  must  furnish  recommendations  from 
their  medical  professors  and  others  as  to  their  professional 
attainments. 


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Industrial,  Business  and  other  Missionaries. 

15.  Other  unordained  men  applying  for  appointment  are 
required  to  furnish  similar  testimonials  as  to  character  and 
Christian  experience,  and  also  testimonials  bearing  on  their 
qualifications  for  the  special  form  of  foreign  missionary 
work  proposed. 

Women  Missionaries. 

16.  Single  women,  in  all  cases,  ought  to  furnish  the  in¬ 
formation  required  in  Paragraph  10. 

The  wives  of  missionaries  are  regarded  as  missionaries, 
uniting  with  their  husbands  in  all  forms  of  missionary  serv¬ 
ice.  It  is  expected  that  so  far  as  is  consistent  with  their 
strength  and  household  duties,  they  will  learn  the  language 
and  take  part  in  missionary  work. 

The  wives  of  men  seeking  appointment  or  women  expect¬ 
ing  to  become  wives  of  missionaries,  are  expected  to  furnish 
the  information  outlined  in  Paragraph  10. 

Single  women  who  receive  appointment  as  missionaries 
are  requested  to  consider,  before  marrying,  the  exigencies 
of  the  work  in  their  stations.  Where  women  leave  the 
Mission  to  marry,  the  same  rules  apply  as  in  other  cases  of 
withdrawal  from  the  Mission.  (Paragraph  29.) 

Missionaries  appointed  on  the  Field. 

17.  Candidates  who  make  application  for  appointment 
from  the  foreign  field  shall  present  testimonials  similar  to 
those  required  above,  and  in  addition  favorable  action  from 
the  Mission  to  which  they  seek  appointment,  stating  the 
Mission’s  desire  for  the  candidate’s  services. 

Missionaries  from  other  Missions, 

18.  In  cases  where  missionaries  seek  transfer  from  other 
Missions  they  shall  present  testimonials  from  their  former 


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Mission  similar  in  spirit  to  those  required  of  new  mission¬ 
aries. 


C.  CANDIDATES  AFTER  APPOINTMENT. 
Special  Study  of  Designated  Field. 

19.  New  missionaries  should  make  a  special  study  of  the 
religious,  moral,  educational  and  other  conditions  of  the 
field  to  which  they  are  appointed. 

Interviews  with  Officers. 

20.  It  is  expected  that  applicants  for  appointment  shall 
personally  meet  one  or  more  of  the  secretaries  whenever  pos¬ 
sible,  so  that  in  addition  to  the  statements  and  testimonials 
furnished  there  may  be  the  advantage  of  a  personal  inter¬ 
view.  It  is  believed  that  this  will  furnish  an  additional  bond 
of  sympathy  and  mutual  interest. 

A  conference  for  new  missionaries  is  held  annually  at  the 
rooms  of  the  Board,  and  unless  specially  excused  all  new 
missionaries  under  appointment  are  expected  to  be  present. 

Designation  of  Field  and  Specialization. 

21.  Designation  of  field  is  frequently  made  at  a  time  sub¬ 
sequent  to  the  time  of  appointment.  In  making  this  designa¬ 
tion  the  preference  of  the  candidate  is  always  considered. 
So  far  as  practicable,  care  is  taken  to  assign  persons  to  the 
field  for  which  they  seem  to  be  best  fitted,  and  where  they 
will  be  likely  to  accomplish  most  in  the  service  of  Christ. 
Assignment  is  usually  to  a  Mission,  but  may  be  to  a  Station 
or  to  a  specific  work.  New  missionaries  are  expected  to 
comply  with  all  the  regulations  of  the  Mission  and  Station 
to  which  they  may  be  assigned. 

To  reach  the  highest  degree  of  efficiency  in  a  particular 

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line,  specialization  is  highly  desirable,  and  each  missionary 
will  receive  all  reasonable  assurance  of  being  assigned  to  the 
kind  of  work  to  which  he  has  been  appointed  and  for  which 
he  has  been  preparing;  it  is,  therefore,  understood  that  his 
assignment  will  be  upon  this  basis,  unless  emergencies  shall 
require  temporary  assignment  to  other  work,  or  in  case  the 
Mission  shall  find,  after  a  reasonable  period  of  observation 
on  the  field,  that  the  new  missionary  is  better  fitted  or  more 
needed  for  some  other  work. 

Short  Term  Appointments. 

22.  While  the  Board  believes  that  appointment  should 
contemplate  service  for  life,  and  that  preference  should  be 
given  to  the  consideration  of  such  candidates,  yet  as  there 
seems  to  be  an  increasing  number  of  those  who,  while  de¬ 
sirous  of  serving  the  Master  in  the  foreign  field,  are  not  yet 
able  to  enlist  for  life,  it  recognizes  that  where  there  is  a 
need  in  educational  or  other  work  for  short  term  service,  such 
appointments  should  be  made,  salary  and  travel  being  duly 
adjusted  as  compared  with  life  term  missionaries.  These 
appointments  should  be  from  among  those  who  are  unmar¬ 
ried,  and  give  the  best  promise  of  permanency,  and  such  ap¬ 
pointees  should  be  urged  to  acquaint  themselves,  if  at  all 
possible,  with  the  language  of  the  country  to  which  they  are 
assigned.  Short  term  appointees  should  not  be  considered 
as  voting  members  of  the  Station  or  Mission,  though  their 
judgment  should  be  considered,  especially  in  matters  con¬ 
nected  with  their  own  work. 

As  the  final  object  of  true  missionary  work  is  the  diffusion 
of  the  revelation  which  God  has  made  of  himself  to  men, 
short  term  appointees,  including  stenographers,  business 
agents,  and  other  Mission  employees,  so  far  as  time  permits, 
should  take  a  course  in  Bible  teaching  and  training  before 
going  to  the  field. 


15 


D.  JUNIOR  MISSIONARIES. 


Committee  of  Guidance  on  the  Field. 

23.  Each  Mission  in  the  field  should  create  some  method 
of  guidance  regarding  the  studies  and  other  activities  of  each 
of  its  junior  missionaries  during  the  first  term  on  the  field, 
so  as 

(a)  To  give  each  one  the  benefit  of  the  frequent  counsel 
of  those  of  mature  missionary  experience; 

(b)  To  enable  and  encourage  the  young  missionary  to 
find  the  task  for  which  he  is  best  fitted  and  to  avoid  the 
danger  of  his  becoming  involved  in  too  many  differing 
phases  of  work; 

(c)  To  enable  the  Mission  on  the  field  and  the  young 
missionary  to  reach  a  common  conviction  concerning  the 
specific  plans  which  should,  if  practicable,  be  carried  out 
during  his  first  furlough. 

Language  School  and  Study. 

24.  (a)  A  mastery  of  the  language  or  dialect  in  which 
a  missionary  is  to  labor  is  an  indispensable  qualification  for 
missionary  service. 

Exception  to  this  rule  is  made  by  definite  action  of  the 
Mission  (and  Board)  in  rare  cases  and  only  where  the 
special  service  to  which  a  missionary  is  assigned  may  be 
rendered  in  English.  Even  such  missionaries  can  increase 
the  efficiency  of  their  general  service  by  a  knowledge  of 
the  language. 

(b)  To  this  end  the  following  rules  are  adopted: 

After  reaching  the  field,  unless  excused  by  Mission  action, 
the  new  missionaries  should  spend  their  first  year  in  language 
study,  in  a  language  school  if  possible,  and  the  second  year 
in  the  study  of  the  language  at  the  Station  to  which  they  are 
assigned.  Except  in  rare  cases,  and  by  special  action,  nothing 


16 


should  be  allowed  to  interfere  with  the  securing  of  a  good 
working  knowledge  of  the  language,  and  the  Board  urges 
that  the  requirements  concerning  this  matter  in  the  Manual 
be  carefully  followed. 

Each  Mission  is  required,  through  the  faculties  of  the 
language  schools  or  through  competent  Mission  committees 
to  examine  all  new  missionaries  at  the  close  of  the  first  and 
second  years  of  their  service,  and  at  such  other  times  as  the 
Mission  may  deem  wise,  as  to  their  knowledge  of  the  native 
tongue,  and  to  report  the  result  to  the  Board  (See  Par.  32). 

As  a  rule  those  who  after  fair  trial  are  unable  to  master 
the  language  of  the  people  among  whom  they  labor  will  not 
be  continued  in  commission. 

Language  Committee. 

25.  Each  Mission  should  appoint  a  Language  Committee 
as  one  of  its  permanent  committees.  It  should  be  the  duty 
of  the  committee  to — 

(a)  Determine  which  language  a  new  missionary  should 
study. 

(b)  And  in  conjunction  with  the  faculty  of  the  language 
school  in  its  locality,  prescribe  courses  of  study; 

(c)  Guide  and  advise  all  new  missionaries  in  their  study; 

(d)  Conduct  the  examinations  referred  to  above. 

Personal  teachers  shall  be  provided  for  all  missionaries 

for  study  after  leaving  the  language  school  for  such  time  as 
may  be  determined  to  be  necessary  by  the  Language  Com¬ 
mittee  (the  term  not  exceeding  five  years  unless  by  special 
authority  of  the  Board). 

Study  diuing  First  Furlough. 

26.  Continued  preparation  on  the  first  furlough  shall  be 
the  general  rule  for  young  missionaries,  the  Board  provid- 


17 


ing  such  financial  assistance  as  may  be  practicable,  ordinarily 
not  to  exceed  $200  for  each  missionary. 

Committee  of  Guidance  on  Furloughs. 

27.  Inasmuch  as  the  first  furlough  is  considered  a  part 
of  a  missionary’s  preparation,  and  should,  therefore,  be  de¬ 
voted  primarily  for  study,  a  special  committee  has  been 
appointed  to  supervise  the  study  of  such  missionaries. 

In  the  case  of  subsequent  furloughs  this  Committee  shall 
be  expected  to  give  such  advice  as  may  be  asked  of  it  re¬ 
garding  furlough  study. 

Length  of  First  Term  of  Service. 

28.  The  duration  of  the  first  term  of  service  on  the  field 
shall  be  five  years  except  in  Africa,  Mexico  and  Colombia, 
it  being  understood  that  as  a  rule  this  period  will  be  sufficient 
for  a  thorough  introduction  to  the  specific  missionary  area, 
to  its  language  requirements  and  to  the  task  to  which  the  in¬ 
dividual  missionary  is  called.  (See  Paragraph  76b.) 

E.  WITHDRAWALS  FROM  THE  SERVICE. 

29.  Should  a  missionary  retire  from  the  mission,  before 
having  completed  a  term  of  four  years,  for  any  other  cause 
than  that  of  failure  of  health,  it  is  expected  that  an  equit¬ 
able  return  of  the  travel  and  outfit  allowance  will  be  made 
to  the  Board,  due  regard  being  had  to  the  expense  incurred 
and  services  rendered. 

The  general  rule  is  that  25%  of  the  amount  will  be  de¬ 
ducted  for  each  year  of  service.  (Exception  is  made  in  mis¬ 
sions  where  the  first  term  is  three  years.) 

In  the  event  of  withdrawals  from  the  Board’s  service,  for 
reasons  considered  sufficient  by  the  Board,  it  will  defray 
the  expenses  of  the  journey  to  this  country,  provided  said 


18 


journey  be  made  within  a  year  from  the  date  of  withdrawal, 
and  may  make  a  grant  of  funds  to  meet  present  exigencies 
in  cases  of  special  need. 

30.  The  missionaries  are  urged  to  avail  themselves  of 
the  privileges  of  the  Presbyterian  Sustentation  Fund. 

Recall. 

31.  The  Board  reserves  the  right  of  recalling  missionaries 
or  of  revoking  their  appointment  for  sufficient  reasons,  which 
are  to  be  of  record,  and  to  be  submitted  to  the  General 
Assembly,  with  the  minutes  of  the  Board. 

The  Missions  shall  report  to  the  Board  at  home,  through 
the  Council  on  the  field  where  such  Councils  are,  in  advance 
of  the  first  furlough  of  each  missionary,  regarding  his  or 
her  competency  for  further  service,  any  deficiencies  in  train¬ 
ing  which  might  be  remedied,  such  special  abilities  as  are 
worthy  of  cultivation,  and  the  particular  type  of  service  for 
which  he  seems  peculiarly  fitted.  The  decision  regarding 
competency  for  further  service  should  be  made  known  to 
the  missionary  concerned  in  ample  time  before  leaving  for 
furlough  and  full  opportunity  given  for  explanation  and 
consultation.  In  the  ease  of  subsequent  furloughs,  if  the 
Mission  does  not  contemplate  the  return  of  a  missionary  to 
the  field,  this  fact  should  be  made  known  to  him  officially 
several  months,  if  possible,  before  leaving  for  furlough; 
otherwise  the  Board  may  assume  that  the  Mission  desires 
his  return. 


19 


SECTION  III. 


ADMINISTRATION  AND  ORGANIZATION 

(Chosen  Committee  Report  Approved  by  the  General 
Assembly,  1922,  Paragraphs  32  and  33.) 

A.  CONSTITUTION  OF  THE  MISSION. 

32.  “In  general  a  Mission  consists  of  all  foreign  mission¬ 
aries  under  appointment  by  the  Board  within  specified  terri¬ 
torial  limits.  No  missionary  shall  have  a  right  to  vote  until 
after  at  least  one  year’s  service  in  connection  with  the  Mis¬ 
sion  and  until  he  or  she  shall  have  passed  the  language  ex¬ 
aminations  appointed  for  the  first  year  (Manual,  Paragraph 
24)  and  shall  have  been  assigned  to  definite  work.  The  mar¬ 
ried  women  missionaries  are  subject  to  the  provisions  of 
Paragraph  24  of  the  Manual.” 

B.  POWERS  OF  THE  MISSION. 

33.  “The  Mission  has  the  general  care  and  supervision  of 
all  work  within  its  limits.  In  all  field  matters  it  has  the  right 
of  initiative.  The  Board  may  also  exercise  the  right  of  ini¬ 
tiative  in  conference  and  agreement  with  the  Mission.  All 
questions  of  Mission  policy  and  method,  and  of  expenditure 
within  the  budget  of  the  Board  for  the  Mission,  are  subject 
to  the  decision  of  the  Mission,  but  the  right  is  reserved  to 
the  Board  of  supervisory  action  and  authority  where  any 
problems  involve  relations  with  other  Boards  and  denomina¬ 
tions,  or  relations  and  interests  wider  than  those  of  any  par¬ 
ticular  field,  and  where  fundamental  questions  of  mission 
policy  affecting  other  Missions  or  the  relation  of  Missions 
and  Governments  are  concerned. 

“In  the  exercise  of  such  supervisory  authority,  however,  it 
is  the  policy  of  the  Board  not  to  engage  in  new  union  work 


20 


within  the  territory  of  any  Mission  if  such  work  is  against 
the  judgment  of  the  Mission,  unless  directed  to  do  so  by  the 
General  Assembly. 

“Among  the  matters  recognized  as  distinctly  within  the 
functions  and  powers  of  the  Mission  are  the  following: 

(a)  The  assignment  and  supervision  of  the  work  of  indi¬ 
vidual  missionaries. 

(b)  Liberty  of  transfer  from  one  object  to  another  of 
appropriations  for  the  conduct  of  native  work  on  the  field. 

(c)  Distribution  of  undesignated  grants. 

(d)  Determination  of  all  regular  and  emergency  furloughs 
in  accordance  with  the  regulations  of  the  Board  on  Terms 
of  Service  and  Furlough. 

(e)  Organization  of  the  Mission  and  determination  of  the 
powers  and  duties  of  its  various  committees. 

(f)  Special  rights  delegated  to  Councils,  as  in  China  and 
India. 

(g)  Use  in  the  work  of  funds  earned  by  members  of  the 
Mission. 

(h)  Use  in  the  work  of  money  accruing  from  the  rental 
of  property  on  the  field. 

“All  requests  requiring  the  action  of  the  Board  should  be 
accompanied  by  the  action  of  the  Mission  upon  them.  Tours 
of  exploration  or  any  unusual  work  should  be  undertaken 
only  with  the  advice  of  the  Mission. 

“The  successful  application  of  the  principle  of  self-govern¬ 
ment  on  the  field  in  harmony  with  the  Board’s  responsibility 
to  the  General  Assembly  for  the  whole  Foreign  Missionary 
enterprise  of  the  Church  requires  the  cordial  co-operation 
of  the  Board  and  the  Missions  and  the  exercise  in  the  highest 
degree  of  mutual  patience  and  forbearance,  so  that  the  work 
may  be  promoted  in  heartiest  agreement  and  unity.  If,  how¬ 
ever,  differences  arise  between  the  Board  and  a  Mission  which 


21 


cannot  be  adjusted  satisfactorily  by  conference,  appeal  may 
be  made  to  the  General  Assembly.  Mission  minorities  and 
individual  missionaries  also  have  the  right  of  appeal  in  all 
matters  of  their  concern.  But  the  right  of  appeal  should  not 
be  resorted  to  except  for  grave  reasons,  and  the  controver¬ 
sial  spirit  should  be  guarded  against  as  injurious  to  the  work 
and  contrary  to  the  true  spirit  of  Christ.” 

Station. 

34.  A  Station  consists  of  all  foreign  missionaries  ap¬ 
pointed  by  the  Board  within  certain  limits  prescribed  by  the 
Mission,  its  voting  members  to  be  determined  by  the  Mis¬ 
sion,  in  conformity  with  the  principles  of  Paragraph  32. 
Each  Station  shall  have  control  of  the  missionary  work 
within  its  field,  under  the  direction  of  the  Mission.  New 
Stations  can  be  established  only  by  action  of  the  Board  on 
recommendation  of  the  Mission.  The  force  assigned  to  such 
Stations  should,  if  possible,  include  one  missionary  of  ex¬ 
perience. 


C.  ORGANIZATION. 


General  Principles. 

35.  The  best  form  of  Mission  organization  shall  include 
in  some  form  and  in  the  largest  measure  possible  the  fol¬ 
lowing  features: 

(a)  Participation  either  directly  or  by  delegation  on  the 
part  of  all  who  are  properly  qualified,  voting  power  being 
allied  with  responsibility. 

(b)  Departmentalization,  covering  the  largest  phases  of 
the  Mission  interests. 

(c)  A  representative  Executive  Committee  having  full 
ad  interim  powers  and  the  confidence  of  the  Mission. 


22 


Annual  Meetings  of  the  Mission. 

36.  The  Mission  shall  meet  at  least  once  a  year  and  be 
governed  by  the  usual  rules  of  our  Church  judicatories,  so  far 
as  applicable,  and  it  shall  keep  regular  minutes  of  its  pro¬ 
ceedings,  copies  of  which  are  to  be  sent  to  the  Board  soon 
after  each  meeting  with  clear  indications  of  actions  requiring 
Board  decisions.  On  questions  involving  requests  for  ap¬ 
propriations,  the  expenditure  of  funds  and  the  location, 
transfer  or  retirement  of  missionaries,  a  two-thirds  vote  shall 
be  required.  In  all  other  cases  a  majority  shall  decide.  The 
traveling  expenses  to  Mission  meetings  shall  be  met  (unless 
under  peculiar  circumstances)  only  for  those  who  are  voting 
members,  and  those  who  have  not  completed  their  first 
year  of  service. 

Executive  Committee  and  Powers. 

37.  Each  Mission  shall  appoint  an  Executive  Committee 
which 

(a)  Should  be  of  such  personnel,  representative  nature 
and  size  (the  smallest  compatible  with  safety)  as  best  to 
command  confidence; 

(b)  Should  possess  all  powers  essential  for  expedition  and 
efficiency  properly  counterchecked 

(1)  By  periodic  elections  so  arranged  as  to  assure 
continuity; 

(2)  By  prompt  publicity  of  all  actions; 

(3)  By  provision  for  reconsideration  through  protest 
within  definite  time  limits; 

(c)  Should  have,  wherever  advisable,  one  of  its  members 
free  for  full-time  service  in  General  Mission  matters; 

(d)  Should,  if  possible,  hold  at  least  two  meetings  a  year 
for  the  conduct  of  its  business. 


23 


Field  Councils. 

38.  In  countries  or  regions  where  several  Missions  have 
kindred  problems,  the  formation  is  recommended  of  a  Field 
Council  whose  Chairman  or  Secretary  (in  certain  cases  both, 
with  adequate  office  staff)  should  be  released  from  his  rela¬ 
tion  to  a  particular  Mission  in  order  to  enable  him  to  give 
himself  wholly  to  field  supervision,  direction  and  counsel. 

As  it  is  the  definite  policy  of  the  Board  to  allow  the  great¬ 
est  possible  degree  of  self-government  to  the  Missions 
through  the  regularly  constituted  Mission  bodies,  in  coun¬ 
tries  where  a  Field  Council  exists,  the  Board  will  delegate 
to  such  a  Council  all  practicable  routine  and  administrative 
matters  with  such  a  degree  of  finality  as  to  relieve  the  Board 
Secretaries  at  the  home  base  and  to  secure  prompt  decision 
on  the  field. 

In  view  of  the  divergent  interests  among  the  fields,  the 
determination  of  what  matters  be  delegated  should  be  left 
to  the  Board  in  conference  with  the  field  concerned. 

In  addition  to  such  powers  as  may  otherwise  be  delegated 
to  Council  are  the  following: 

(a)  Distribution  as  between  Missions  of  all  undesignated 
funds. 

(b)  The  use  of  such  sums  as  the  Board  may  place  in  their 
hands  for  emergency  matters. 

(c)  Employment  on  the  field  of  temporary  workers 
(foreign)  within  limit  of  funds  (Mission  or  Council). 

Field  Councils  and  their  constituent  Missions  in  confer¬ 
ence  with  the  Board  shall  make  necessary  rules  to  govern 
their  mutual  relations  and  responsibilities. 

Mission  Policy  and  By-Laws. 

39.  Each  Mission  may  adopt  such  by-laws  and  rules  for 
the  conduct  of  its  business  as  may  seem  wise.  It  should 
elect  its  own  officers,  whose  powers  in  general  are  those 
exercised  in  similar  organizations. 


24 


Each  Mission  should 

(a)  Have  a  clearly  defined  policy. 

(b)  Make  provisions,  through  conferences,  surveys  and 
reports,  to  familiarize  all  members  with  the  Mission  policy 
and  to  acquaint  the  Mission  as  to  the  extent  to  which  its  poli¬ 
cies  are  being  carried  out. 

(c)  Have  adequate  supervision  by  properly  constituted 
authorities. 

Secretaries,  Mission  and  Station. 

40.  Each  Mission  and  each  Station  shall  choose  for  itself 
a  Secretary,  to  be  changed  as  seldom  as  possible,  the  names 
to  be  reported  to  the  Board,  whose  duties  shall  be  to  receive 
and  keep  files  of  all  official  correspondence  addressed  to  Mis¬ 
sions  and  Stations;  to  receive  and  distribute  all  report  forms 
and  see  that  they  are,  in  proper  form  and  season,  returned  to 
the  Secretary  in  charge  of  the  correspondence;  to  see  that 
all  communications  addressed  to  Missions  and  Stations  have 
proper  reply;  to  forward  the  statements  called  for  in  Para¬ 
graph  36,  and  to  perform  such  other  functions  as  shall  be 
assigned  by  the  Missions.  The  above  does  not  apply  to 
correspondence  between  the  Board  and  Mission  and  Station 
Treasurers. 

Care  should  be  taken  that  all  official  letters  of  the  Board 
sent  to  the  Missions  be  seen  by  each  missionary. 

The  Secretary  of  the  Mission  may  also  be  Secretary  of  the 
Executive  Committee. 

Treasurers,  Mission  and  Station. 

41.  Mission  and  Station  Treasurers  should  be  appointed  in 
accordance  with  Paragraphs  47  and  48. 

Committees. 

42.  Each  Mission  should  appoint  the  following  perma¬ 
nent  committees  and  such  other  permanent  and  occasional 
committees  as  may  be  needed: 


25. 


(a)  Executive  Committee  (See  Paragraph  37). 

(b)  Property  Committee  (See  Paragraph  57). 

(c)  Language  Committee  (See  Paragraph  24). 

(d)  Auditing  Committee  (See  Paragraph  62). 

(e)  Committee  on  Guidance  of  New  Missionaries  (See 
Paragraph  23). 

Reports  and  Letters  to  Board  from  Missions. 

43.  (a)  Each  Station  shall  prepare  at  the  close  of  the 

Mission  year  reports,  both  statistical  and  general,  of  the 
various  departments  of  its  work,  and  submit  them  to  the 
Mission  at  the  annual  meeting.  Each  missionary  also  shall 
prepare  a  brief  report  of  his  or  her  labors  during  the  year,  to 
be  submitted  to  the  Mission.  All  these  reports  should  be 
reviewed  by  the  Mission  and  forwarded  without  delay  to  the 
Secretary  in  charge  of  the  correspondence,  with  the  Mis¬ 
sion’s  judgment  thereon. 

Missions  are  allowed  to  close  their  statistical  year  at  such 
time  between  September  1st  and  November  30th  as  may  be 
most  convenient  for  them,  having  in  mind  the  requirements 
of  the  Board  that  all  statistical  information  must  be  in  the 
hands  of  the  Board  by  February  1st;  all  reports  and  estimates 
by  January  1st.  These  statistics  should  be  on  the  blanks 
furnished  by  the  Board’s  offices. 

Correspondence  with  Board  Secretaries  and  Treasurer. 

(b)  It  is  desirable  that  individual  missionaries  and  Secre¬ 
taries  of  the  Board  should  correspond  fully,  frankly  and  fre¬ 
quently,  for  mutual  helpfulness  in  the  prosecution  of  the  work. 

Correspondence  pertaining  to  the  respective  departments 
of  Secretaries  or  Treasurer  should  be  forwarded  on  separate 
sheets  and  ordinarily  under  separate  covers. 

The  correspondence  of  the  Mission  and  its  individual 
members,  including  official  minutes,  estimates  and  all  re¬ 
quests  for  reinforcements,  property,  furloughs,  current  funds 


26 


and  any  other  matters  requiring  action  by  the  Board,  should 
be  addressed  to  the  Board’s  Secretary  for  the  Mission.  Thus 
business  matters  will  be  handled  by  one  office  and  when  nec¬ 
essary  referred  to  the  proper  departments. 

Correspondence  with  the  Treasurer’s  Office  should,  as  far 
as  practicable,  be  given  separate  sheets,  according  to  the 
following  rough  outline:  (1)  Matters  of  travel,  (2)  Purchase 
and  shipment  of  goods,  (3)  Adjustment  of  Accounts,  (4) 
General  and  personal  matters. 

(c)  All  requests  for  new  missionaries,  new  property  or 
for  funds  for  use  in  the  work  must  have  the  approval  of  a 
Mission,  or  a  Mission  Executive  Committee  or  a  Field  Coun¬ 
cil.  The  Board  cannot  act  upon  any  such  requests  without 
this  approval.  Such  requests  unaccompanied  by  such  action 
will  be  referred  back  to  the  Mission  or  Council  for  proper 
consideration. 

Letters  for  Supporters. 

(d)  Every  missionary  supported  by  a  church  or  group  of 
churches  is  expected  to  write  to  his  or  her  supporters  at  least 
three  times  a  year,  mailing  to  the  Department  for  Specific 
Work  either  the  original  or  a  carbon  copy  of  such  letter, 
that  this  Department  may  provide  a  duplicate  if  the  original 
is  lost,  may  keep  in  touch  with  the  correspondence  and  may 
have  the  use  of  the  material  for  other  supporters  of  the  same 
Station.  From  these  carbon  copies  the  Department  pre¬ 
pares  three  times  a  year  a  composite  letter  that  is  duplicated 
and  sent  to  all  supporters  of  the  Station. 

(e)  Every  woman  missionary  is  assigned  for  correspond¬ 
ence  by  the  Woman’s  Board  to  a  certain  woman  in  the  District 
to  which  she  is  related.  This  woman  correspondent  is  known 
as  her  District  Foreign  Secretary.  These  women  mission¬ 
aries  are  expected  to  send  at  least  two  letters  and  a  copy 
of  their  personal  reports  each  year  to  their  District  Foreign 


27 


Secretaries.  By  means  of  this  correspondence  many  happy 
and  helpful  ties  have  been  formed.  While  there  is  in  these 
letters  much  that  is  personal  which  is  never  used  for  pub¬ 
lication,  the  letters  should  also  contain  material  that  may  be 
copied  and  sent  to  the  supporters  to  keep  them  in  touch 
with  the  work  of  their  missionaries.  Such  letters  are  care¬ 
fully  edited  and  distributed  by  a  special  Department  of  the 
Woman’s  Board.  They  are  used  not  only  for  the  supporters 
of  the  missionary  but  for  those  contributing  to  the  Station  in 
which  she  is  located,  for  “Woman’s  Work,’’  and  for  the  Joint 
Publication  Department  of  the  two  Boards. 

There  is  cooperation  between  the  Woman’s  Board  and  the 
Department  for  Specific  Work  of  the  Assembly’s  Board,  so 
that  each  can  use  letters  received  by  the  other  if  so  desired. 

Contents  of  Letters. 

(f)  Letters  are  desired  which  will  describe  the  work,  its 
conditions  and  opportunities.  Incidents  are  especially  ac¬ 
ceptable.  These  letters  should  not  make  appeals  for  money 
for  particular  objects,  or  deal  with  matters  of  Mission  busi¬ 
ness,  or  of  purely  personal  interest.  Except  as  they  write 
to  their  Foreign  Secretaries  of  the  Assembly’s  Board,  all 
missionaries  are  urged  to  refrain  from  criticism  of  native 
peoples  and  of  national  policies,  as  any  letters  sent  to  other 
than  Board  officers  may  without  the  Board’s  knowledge  get 
to  the  public  press  and  may  be  interpreted  as  voicing  the 
attitude  of  the  Board.  This  may  cause  serious  embarrass¬ 
ment. 


D.  MISCELLANEOUS. 

Literary  Work. 

44.  Literary  work,  such  as  translating  and  the  preparation 
of  religious  and  educational  books,  should  be  undertaken  only 
with  the  consent  and  by  appointment  of  the  Mission  and  by 


28 


persons  adjudged  to  be  most  thoroughly  acquainted  with  the 
language. 

Writers  or  copyists  may  be  provided  for  missionaries  em¬ 
ployed  by  the  appointment  of  the  Mission  in  literary  work, 
where  such  are  needed. 

Printing  Presses. 

45.  No  printing  establishment  or  press  shall  be  erected 
without  the  express  sanction  of  the  Mission  and  Board,  and 
no  printing  establishment  of  the  Board  shall  be  used  for 
private  work  or  for  any  missionary  publications,  except  under 
authorization  of  the  Mission. 

Survey. 

46.  (a)  At  least  once  in  five  years  each  Mission  shall  ap¬ 
point  a  committee  to  make  a  thorough  survey  of  its  work  in 
all  departments,  to  assure  itself  and  the  Board  that  the  re¬ 
sources  of  the  Mission  are  being  used  to  their  best  advantage, 
a  sufficient  sum  of  money  for  this  purpose  to  be  charged  in 
Class  VI  for  each  Station. 

(b).  The  Board  plans  that  each  Mission  shall  be  visited 
by  an  officer  of  the  Board  at  least  once  in  seven  years. 


29 


SECTION  IV. 

FINANCE 

A.  TREASURERS. 


Mission  Treasurers. 

47.  (a)  The  Mission  shall  elect  a  Treasurer  at  its  annual 

meeting  or  when  a  vacancy  occurs,  this  Treasurer  to  assume 
his  duties  at  the  time  designated  by  the  Mission;  the  election 
to  be  reported  to  the  Board,  and  to  be  subject  to  its 
approval. 

It  devolves  on  the  Mission  Treasurer  to  preserve  carefully 
all  deeds  of  Mission  property  and  other  legal  papers  not 
transmitted  to  the  Board  (in  Stations  where  this  is  not  con¬ 
venient  the  Mission  may  assign  this  duty  to  the  Station 
Treasurer);  to  keep  in  official  books,  procured  at  the  Board’s 
expense  and  to  be  the  property  of  the  Board,  clear  and  cor¬ 
rect  accounts  of  all  receipts  and  payments,  and  to  have 
vouchers  for  the  latter,  and  to  keep  files  of  all  official  corre¬ 
spondence  properly  belonging  to  his  department.  His  books 
must  be  open  to  the  inspection  of  any  member  of  the  Mis¬ 
sion  at  any  reasonable  time. 

(b)  The  Mission  Treasurer  is  the  agent  of  the  Board  for 
the  distribution  of  the  amount  appropriated  for  his  Mission, 
and  is  responsible  to  the  Treasurer  of  the  Board  for  all  funds 
forwarded  by  him.  The  drafts  conveying  these  funds  should 
not  be  negotiated  until  required.  The  accumulation  of  large 
cash  balances  in  local  banks  for  any  purpose  should  be 
avoided.  Limited  working  balances  should  be  kept  in  a  bank 
or  other  safe  depository  approved  by  the  Mission.  No  funds 
of  the  Board  shall  be  loaned  under  any  circumstances.  There 
is  no  warrant  for  assuming  liabilities  on  behalf  of  the  Board, 
without  the  actual  consent  of  the  Board,  and  it  is  within  its 
proper  right  to  repudiate  any  such  obligations.  The  accept¬ 
ance  of  funds  for  deposit,  and  the  investment  of  the  same  in 


30 


any  form  of  security,  must  be  avoided.  The  advancing  of 
funds  for  building  purposes  or  in  behalf  of  any  individual, 
however  urgent  might  appear  to  be  the  necessity,  is  unwar¬ 
ranted. 

The  principle  of  this  Paragraph  is  to  be  strictly  construed, 
there  being  no  warrant  for  disbursements  beyond  the  limit 
of  appropriations,  except  in  cases  for  which  the  Manual  pro¬ 
vides. 

(c)  The  Mission  Treasurer  is  also  the  agent  of  the  Board 
to  enforce  any  rules  governing  the  use  of  revenue  derived 
from  such  sources  as  tuition  fees,  medical  fees,  press  earn¬ 
ings  and  premium  on  exchange.  Such  funds  must  be  paid 
to  him  and  by  him  reported  to  the  Treasurer  of  the  Board. 

The  Mission  Treasurer  will  also  examine  and  audit  journey 
accounts  presented  by  missionaries  upon  their  arrival  in  the 
field,  calling  the  attention  of  the  traveler  to  any  items  in¬ 
correctly  entered. 

The  Treasurer  of  the  Board  is  directed  to  remit  to  each 
Mission  Treasurer  the  amount  appropriated  for  his  Mission 
during  the  fiscal  year  of  the  Board,  and  only  that  amount; 
this  to  be  forwarded  regularly,  and  preferably  in  monthly 
installments;  bills  of  exchange  to  be  negotiated  by  the  Mis¬ 
sion  Treasurers  as  necessities  require. 

(d)  The  Treasurer  of  the  Board  may  require  from  time 
to  time  concise  statements  of  the  condition  of  the  Mission 
treasuries  with  summary  of  receipts  and  disbursements,  but 
the  full  detailed  statement  of  the  Mission  must  be  rendered 
once  each  year. 

The  general  control  of  these  funds  is  intrusted  to  the  Mis¬ 
sion,  subject  to  the  direction  of  the  Board,  but  the  funds 
must  be  used  substantially  in  accordance  with  the  appropria¬ 
tions  as  made,  and  can  in  no  case  exceed  the  amount  without 
special  authority  being  obtained.  (See  Paragraphs  51  and  63.) 

(e)  It  is  the  definite  policy  of  the  Board  to  install  trained 
men  or  women  as  Treasurers  or  business  agents  wherever 


31 


necessary  for  Missions  or  for  combinations  of  Missions,  to 
be  located  at  central  points,  and  to  centralize  all  business 
and  accounts  of  the  district  to  be  served,  so  far  as  that  is 
possible  and  feasible. 

Business-secretaries  should  be  installed  in  Stations  where 
the  amount  of  work  demands  their  services,  these  business- 
secretaries  preferably  to  be  unmarried,  and  to  be  appointed, 
in  the  first  instance,  with  the  status  of  "special  term  mission¬ 
aries,”  and  to  be  included  in  the  Mission’s  preferred  list  for 
reinforcements. 

(f)  It  is  the  definite  policy  of  the  Board  to  provide  busi¬ 
ness  offices  with  suitable  equipment,  including  typewriter.s, 
adding  machines,  and  safes  for  the  guarding  of  funds  and 
documents,  where  this  equipment  is  needed  for  efficiency, 
economy  and  safety. 

The  Missions  should  include  in  their  estimates  submitted  to 
the  Board  items  to  cover  treasurers,  agents  and  secretaries, 
as  well  as  equipment  for  offices,  it  being  understood  that  all 
salaries  must  be  placed  in  the  same  category  as  missionary 
salaries  and  that  expenditures  for  office  equipment,  which 
cannot  be  covered  out  of  appropriations  granted  the  Missions, 
should  be  placed  among  requests  for  property  and  equip¬ 
ment  (Class  IV). 

48.  Station  Treasurers  shall  be  annually  appointed  by  each 
Station,  or  where  the  Mission  shall  prefer,  by  the  Mission, 
and  the  names  reported  to  the  Board,  save  in  those  Missions 
where  the  Board  provides  for  the  discharge  of  these  duties 
by  the  Mission  Treasurer.  They  are  the  financial  agents  of 
the  Mission  for  their  several  Stations,  with  powers  and  re¬ 
sponsibilities  in  their  respective  spheres,  similar  to  those  of 
Mission  Treasurers.  They  must  submit  reports  to  the  Mis¬ 
sion  Treasurer,  as  he  does  to  the  Board  Treasurer,  such 
reports  to  be  open  to  the  inspection  of  members  of  the 
Station,  and  to  be  duly  audited  by  a  committee  of  the 
Station. 


32 


B.  ESTIMATES  AND  APPROPRIATIONS. 


49.  At  the  annual  meeting  the  Mission  shall  prepare 
a  careful  estimate  of  the  probable  necessary  expense  of  its 
work  for  the  year  beginning  on  the  1st  of  April  following 
the  date  of  annual  meeting.  Where  there  is  more  than  one 
Station  in  a  Mission,  each  Station  shall  prepare  its  estimates 
to  be  submitted  to  the  Mission  or  its  Executive  Committee 
for  detailed  consideration  and  recommendation,  as  the  Board 
requires  the  judgment  of  the  Mission  or  Executive  Commit¬ 
tee  on  all  the  estimates  of  each  Station.  It  is  specially  de¬ 
sired  that  in  recommending  appropriations  for  new  work, 
such  as  the  sending  out  of  new  missionaries,  the  purchase  of 
property,  erection  of  buildings,  etc.,  the  Mission  shall  indi¬ 
cate  the  order  of  their  importance. 

Missions  should  accompany  all  requests  for  new  property 
or  new  missionaries,  with  a  brief  and  careful  statement  of  the 
reasons  for  these  requests,  even  though  said  reasons  have 
been  set  forth  in  previous  correspondence. 

All  estimates  for  new  property  should  be  so  comprehensive 
as  to  avoid  the  necessity  of  requests  for  additional  funds  to 
complete  these  items.  Screening  should  be  included. 

The  estimates  should  indicate  first  what  is  needed  for  the 
work  of  the  ensuing  year,  the  amount  not  to  exceed  the  grant 
of  the  year  preceding  that  for  which  the  estimate  is  made, 
and,  secondly,  if  more  is  required,  how  the  Mission  would 
spend  the  desired  increase. 

Any  anticipated  income  from  rents  of  properties  on  the 
field  shall  be  included  within  the  annual  Mission  estimates 
of  receipts  on  the  field.  Any  necessary  expenditures  for 
rent  shall  be  a  first  charge  against  such  income. 

The  estimates  should  be  forwarded  to  the  Secretary  in 
charge  of  the  correspondence  and  will  be  acted  upon  by  the 
Board  as  promptly  as  possible.  Pending  such  action  the 
Mission  is  authorized  to  proceed  with  all  expenditures  in- 


33 


eluded  under  the  first  class,  and  the  Treasurer  will  remit 
accordingly,  but  may  not  enter  upon  the  expenditures  in¬ 
cluded  in  the  second  class  without  authority  from  the  Board. 

50.  In  case  any  work  is  partially  supported  by  receipts 
upon  the  field,  these  receipts  shall  be  carefully  estimated  and 
stated.  The  total  estimated  cost  shall  also  be  stated.  Only 
that  amount  necessary  to  make  up  the  diflference  between 
cost  and  field  receipts  shall  be  asked  for,  from  the  Board. 
It  will  not  be  feasible  for  the  Board  to  make  additional  ap¬ 
propriations  for  such  work,  toward  the  close  of  the  fiscal 
year,  on  representations  that  estimated  field  receipts  have 
fallen  below  expectations.  However,  the  usual  privilege  will 
apply,  that  transfers  of  unused  appropriations  for  other  items 
in  the  appropriations  may  be  made  up  to  the  end  of  the  fiscal 
year. 

If  the  accounts  for  any  such  work,  at  the  close  of  the 
fiscal  year,  show  a  deficit,  this  must  be  reported  and  must 
either  be  made  a  first  charge  against  the  funds  available  in 
the  new  fiscal  year,  or  must  be  covered  by  savings  reported 
by  the  field  treasurer  in  other  items,  the  treasurer  to  secure 
a  statement  of  explanation  from  the  missionary  responsible 
for  the  work  and  forward  it  to  the  Board  with  the  Annual 
Report.  Should  the  actual  receipts  exceed  the  estimated 
receipts,  the  gain  shall  accrue  to  the  Treasury  of  the  Board, 
save  that  when  the  excess  is  due  to  an  unforeseen  enlarge¬ 
ment  of  the  work,  due,  for  example,  to  more  paying  pupils 
in  the  school  or  patients  in  the  hospital,  it  shall  be  allowable 
to  apply  so  much  of  the  excess  as  is  necessary  to  meet  the 
increased  cost  of  the  work,  due  to  this  enlargement.  But 
this  shall  not  be  understood  to  entail  upon  the  Board  any 
obligation  to  increase  the  grants  from  its  Treasury  for  the 
work. 

In  the  case  of  ordinary  savings  or  surpluses  at  the  close 
of  the  fiscal  year,  the  regular  rule  will  apply,  that  these  shall 
revert  to  the  Board.  In  the  case  of  institutions,  however. 


34 


where  there  are  balances  from  field  receipts  which  have  been 
collected  late  in  the  Board’s  fiscal  year  and  which  really  apply 
on  the  budget  of  the  institution  for  the  coming  year,  these 
balances  shall  be  carried  forward  into  the  Board’s  new  fiscal 
year  as  working  balances,  in  such  amounts  as  may  be  de¬ 
termined  by  the  executive  committee  of  the  Mission  and 
approved  by  the  Board. 

Liberty  of  Transfer. 

51.  Any  Mission  is  at  liberty  to  make  necessary  transfers 
in  the  annual  appropriations,  as  sent  by  the  Board;  (1) 
inside  individual  Classes  V-X;  (2)  between  classes  VI-X 
within  Stations,  excepting  Medical,  Class  VI  (Paragraph 
68);  (3)  between  Station  appropriations  Classes  VI-X. 

Each  Mission  is  responsible  for  bringing  its  expenditures 
for  the  year  within  its  appropriations.  Any  overdrafts  in¬ 
curred  will  be  charged  against  the  appropriation  for  the  en¬ 
suing  year. 

When  any  Mission  closes  its  accounts  with  a  balance,  this 
balance  should  be  reported  to  the  Board  and  be  applied 
toward  meeting  the  appropriations  for  the  new  year.  (See 
Paragraph  above.) 

It  is,  of  course,  expected  that  the  Mission  will  take  into 
due  consideration  any  association  of  particular  objects  with 
special  givers  in  this  country  and  will  not  needlessly  disturb 
such  relations,  but  if  in  the  judgment  of  the  Mission  the  in¬ 
terests  of  the  work  are  seriously  involved  the  Board  will 
support  the  Mission  in  assigning  such  objects  their  propor¬ 
tionate  share  of  any  reduction,  and  the  Board  will  take  up 
with  the  givers  at  home  any  difficulties  which  may  arise. 

Special  Appeals. 

52.  (a)  In  view  of  the  importance  to  the  Church  that  the 
needs  of  the  various  Missions  be  adequately  set  forth,  mis¬ 
sionaries  on  furlough  are  urged  in  their  addresses  and  appeals 


35 


to  stress  the  items  in  the  guaranteed  current  budget  which 
must  be  provided  if  the  stability  of  the  work  is  to  be  in¬ 
sured. 

(b)  Missionaries  are  urged  to  appeal  only  for  budget 
items  and  for  such  property  needs  as  are  in  the  current  ap¬ 
proved  list  of  the  Board  or  especially  approved  by  it  or  by 
the  Executive  Council.  Funds  for  other  objects  proffered  to 
missionaries  without  appeal  may  be  accepted  when  approved 
by  the  Mission  and  by  the  Board,  provided  such  funds  can¬ 
not  be  secured  for  the  current  budget  after  earnest  effort. 

In  loyalty  to  the  interests  of  the  entire  work,  missionaries 
in  seeking  funds  for  property  and  equipment  should  try  to 
secure  first  those  items  that  appear  high  in  the  list  of  the 
Mission,  approved  by  the  Board,  except  in  countries  where 
there  is  a  Council  Preferential  Property  List.  In  such  cases 
effort  should  be  directed  to  secure  first  those  items  which 
are  high  in  the  Council  List  and  approved  by  the  Board. 

The  Board  defrays  the  traveling  expenses  of  missionaries 
visiting  ecclesiastical  bodies  or  churches  in  this  country  at 
its  request,  when  the  expenses  are  not  otherwise  paid. 

It  is  the  desire  of  the  Board  that  the  estimates  should  be 
so  complete  as  to  preclude  applications  from  the  field  to 
Churches,  Sabbath-schools,  societies  or  individuals  for  spe¬ 
cial  gifts.  Such  applications  involve  unjust  discriminations  in 
favor  of  some  Missions  and  missionaries,  subordinate  the  judg¬ 
ment  of  the  Mission  to  private  judgment,  interfere  with  the 
regular  income  of  the  Board,  and  if  right  for  one  are  right 
for  all,  and  so  militate  against  the  purpose  of  the  Church  in 
the  establishment  of  the  Board. 

All  money  not  paid  through  the  Treasurer  of  the  Board, 
but  received  for  the  work  by  the  missionaries  from  Churches 
or  other  organizations  or  from  individuals,  should  be  re¬ 
ported  through  the  Mission  Treasurers.  The  Board  feels  that 
wherever  consistent  with  the  will  of  the  donor,  such  gifts 


36 


should  be  applied  to  the  regular  budget  of  authorized  expen¬ 
ditures  for  the  year  until  this  has  been  wholly  met.  But  if 
this  is  not  allowable,  the  Board  considers  it  but  just  to  the 
Church  and  to  the  givers  themselves  and  to  the  work  as  a 
whole,  that  all  gifts  going  out  to  the  field  should  be  re¬ 
ported  to  the  Mission  Treasurer,  and  the  Mission  Treasurer 
should  make  report  to  the  Board,  showing: 

(a)  All  gifts  passing  through  his  hands  for  special  pur¬ 
poses. 

(b)  As  far  as  possible,  all  gifts  not  passing  through  his 
hands,  but  received  and  expended  by  individual  missionaries 
for  the  work. 

Special  Appropriations. 

53.  After  the  estimates  are  sent  to  the  Board,  special  re¬ 
quests  for  grants  cannot  be  entertained,  except  in  extraordi¬ 
nary  circumstances.  When  such  cases  arise  during  the  year, 
calling  for  extra  appropriations,  they  should  be  submitted  to 
the  Mission  or  to  the  Executive  Committee  of  the  Mission, 
who  will  forward  the  request  to  the  Secretary  in  charge  of 
the  correspondence,  with  the  proper  recommendation. 

Exchange. 

54.  Appropriations  as  made  by  the  Board,  in  Classes  I  to 
III,  will  be  made  in  United  States  currency.  Those  in  Classes 
IV  to  X  will  be  made  in  the  currency  of  the  country,  except 
in  certain  special  cases,  where  depreciation  of  the  local  cur¬ 
rency  renders  necessary  keeping  the  accounts  in  gold. 

Mission  Treasurers  will  pay  salaries  and  children’s  allow¬ 
ances  in  local  currency,  at  an  average  rate  of  exchange,  rules 
for  determining  this  rate  to  be  formulated  by  the  Mission 
Treasurer  and  the  Mission. 

Missionaries  in  the  countries  where  the  Board  has  stabil¬ 
ized  salaries  by  authorizing  an  arbitrary  rate  of  exchange, 
are  to  interpret  the  action  as  applying  only  to  that 


37 


part  of  the  salary  expended  on  the  field  and  therefore 
affected  by  exchange.  On  the  portion  of  the  salary  expended 
outside  of  the  country,  the  deduction  is  to  be  made  in  gold 
amounts,  inasmuch  as  no  question  of  exchange  is  involved. 
Charges  going  out  to  the  field  against  salary  accounts  should 
be  deducted  either  in  gold  amounts  or  at  the  arbitrary  rate 
fixed  by  the  Board. 

C.  PROPERTY. 

General  Rules. 

55.  No  property  is  to  be  purchased  or  sold,  nor  any  build¬ 
ing  erected  for  the  Board,  without  its  sanction.  None  of  its 
property  is  to  be  mortgaged  or  assigned  for  any  debt.  All 
property  given  or  purchased  for  its  use  shall  be  at  once  trans¬ 
ferred  to  it,  or  be  held  in  trust  for  it. 

Gifts  on  the  field  or  from  sources  outside  of  the  Board’s 
Treasury  for  the  erection  of  buildings  on  the  property  of 
the  Board,  or  for  enlarging  or  improving  buildings  already  in 
use,  or  for  acquiring  new  property,  should  be  reported  to  the 
Board,  and  before  these  gifts  are  expended  full  plans  of  the 
improvements  contemplated  should  be  submitted  to  the 
Board  for  its  approval. 

If  missionaries  spend  monies  of  their  own  in'  the  purchase 
of  land,  enlarging  or  erecting  buildings  for  missionary  pur¬ 
poses,  they  must  understand  that  they  have  no  claim  upon 
the  Board  for  special  reimbursement. 

Title  deeds  of  all  property  are  to  be  duly  recorded  in  the 
way  required  by  the  government  within  whose  territory  the 
Mission  is  located. 

All  Stations  should  forward  promptly  to  the  Board  in  New 
York,  upon  the  property  blanks  furnished  for  such  purpose, 
all  details  of  new  property  acquired,  or  buildings  erected,  so 
that  the  Board’s  files  may  be  kept  up  to  date. 

It  is  important  that  photographs  and  plans  of  these  build- 

38 


ings  and  diagrams  of  the  land  be  sent  with  the  property 
blanks. 

Missionaries,  of  course,  will  not  expend  funds  belonging  to 
the  Board,  or  in  any  way  involve  the  Board  in  property  or 
financial  obligations,  without  its  consent.  If  they  do  they 
must  be  held  personally  responsible  for  the  amount. 

Sale  or  Rent  of  Property. 

56.  Property  not  in  use  and  not  likely  to  be  needed  for 
missionary  purposes  should  be  disposed  of  promptly,  or  as 
soon  as  a  fair  price  can  be  obtained.  Sales  are  to  be  author¬ 
ized  by  the  Mission  and  Property  Committees  on  terms  ap¬ 
proved  by  them  and  confirmed,  in  cases  of  real  estate,  by  the 
Board.  The  proceeds  of  such  sales  should  be  credited  to 
the  Board  and  reported  at  once.  Where  property  unused  by 
the  Mission  cannot  be  sold,  it  should  be  rented  as  advan¬ 
tageously  as  possible  and  the  proceeds  reported  to  the  Treas¬ 
urers  of  the  Mission  and  of  the  Board,  in  such  cases  the 
character  of  the  tenant  and  the  proposed  use  of  the  property 
to  be  carefully  considered.  (See  Paragraph  33-h  and  49.) 

Property  Committee. 

57.  Each  Mission  shall,  at  its  annual  meeting,  appoint  a 
Property  Committee,  without  whose  approval  and  that  of 
the  Mission  or  its  Executive  Committee  no  plans  shall  be 
adopted  nor  any  land  purchased.  This  committee  shall  have 
or  shall  arrange  for  general  supervision  of  the  erection  of  all 
buildings.  It  shall  also  be  responsible  for  keeping  the  ex¬ 
penditures  within  the  funds  available.  Copies  of  all  plans 
approved  by  this  committee  shall  be  forwarded  as  soon  as 
possible  to  the  Treasurer  of  the  Board. 

Repairs  on  Property  of  the  Mission. 

58.  Each  Mission  shall  make  provision  for  repairs  on  all 
properties,  so  as  to  keep  all  buildings  in  satisfactory  condi- 


39 


tion.  Appropriations  for  repairs  shall  be  non-transferable, 
and  if  unused,  are  to  be  retained  in  the  repairs  account  of 
the  Mission.  (Class  V.) 

All  repairs  on  buildings  shall  be  included  in  general  esti¬ 
mates,  and  no  major  repairs,  enlargements  or  alterations  in¬ 
volving  expense  shall  be  made  without  the  concurrence  of 
the  Mission  or  the  Property  Committee  and,  if  amounting  to 
more  than  $500,  the  sanction  of  the  Board. 

Insurance. 

59.  The  Board  undertakes  to  carry  its  own  insurance  on 
its  Mission  property  and  has  voted  to  place  the  sum  of 
$20,000  annually  in  a  fire  and  marine  insurance  fund  in  New 
York  for  this  purpose. 

D.  MISCELLANEOUS. 

Money  Orders  and  Certificates  of  Credit. 

60.  The  Treasurer  of  the  Board  is  authorized  to  make 
purchases  for  missionaries  of  the  Board  and  for  institutions 
under  the  charge  of  the  Mission.  All  charges,  including 
freight,  shall  be  charged  against  either  the  personal  account 
of  the  missionary  or  the  account  of  the  institution  thus  served. 
Care  should  be  taken  to  make  orders  in  the  name  of  the  insti¬ 
tution  and  not  of  the  individual  missionary,  when  the  pur¬ 
chases  are  for  the  account  of  the  institution.  The  Treasurer 
shall  require  some  form  of  order  for  these  purchases  in  the 
name  of  the  missionary  or  the  institution.  The  Treasurer 
on  the  field  through  whom  this  amount  must  be  collected 
shall  have  cognizance  of  the  obligation  assumed  and  to  this 
end  should  countersign  all  orders  thus  forwarded  to  the 
Board,  a  duplicate  of  the  order  being  filed  with  him.  These 
purchases  are  for  Mission  work  and  for  missionaries’  per¬ 
sonal  needs,  and  the  privilege  of  making  such  purchases  is 


40 


not  to  be  extended  to  those  not  directly  associated  with  the 
Missions, 

The  Board’s  Treasurer  may  receive  and  transfer  to  the 
field  funds  handed  him  for  the  private  use  of  missionaries  and, 
in  turn,  pay  upon  authority  funds  transferred  to  him  by 
missionaries.  For  this  purpose  Mission  Treasurers  are  au¬ 
thorized  to  issue  certificates  of  credit,  which  shall  only  be 
made  for  actual  value  received,  and  shall  not  transmit  such 
funds  by  negotiable  drafts  payable  through  banks. 

Drafts  on  New  York  Treasurer. 

61.  If  necessity  compels,  the  Mission  Treasurer  may  draw 
on  the  Board’s  Treasurer  at  sight  for  an  amount  not  to  ex¬ 
ceed  the  proportionate  allowance  of  appropriations  for  one 
month;  but  in  such  event  a  statement  must  be  at  once  for¬ 
warded  to  the  Treasurer  of  the  Board  setting  forth  the 
emergency. 

It  is  not  expected  that  the  regular  drafts  sent  to  Mission 
Treasurers  from  New  York  to  cover  regular  appropriations 
shall  be  used  for  property  and  building  expenditures.  For 
these  purposes  special  drafts  shall  be  sold,  the  forms  being 
sent  to  the  Missions  in  blank  from  New  York.  These  special 
drafts  for  property  shall  be  sold  only  in  such  amounts  as 
shall  be  needed  in  the  immediate  future  to  finance  property 
and  building  operations.  They  are  not  to  be  sold  in  large 
amounts  with  the  intention  of  depositing  the  proceeds  in 
local  banks  to  await  expenditure  at  some  indefinite  time  in 
the  future.  The  drafts  shall  be  drawn  on  the  Treasurer  in 
New  York  as  the  forms  indicate  and  shall  be  signed  by  the 
duly  authorized  Treasurer  of  the  Mission  and  the  person  au¬ 
thorized  by  the  Mission  to  countersign. 

Immediately  on  the  sale  of  either  a  property  or  emergency 
draft,  notice  should  be  mailed  to  New  York,  advising  the 
Board  Treasurer  of  such  sale,  giving  the  amount,  the  rate 


41 


at  which  it  was  sold,  the  object  for  which  it  was  sold  and 
any  other  information  that  would  be  valuable  to  have. 

Auditing  Committee. 

62.  The  books,  balance  sheet  and  annual  report  of  the 
Treasurer  of  each  Mission  are  to  be  audited  by  a  committee 
of  not  less  than  two,  appointed  for  such  purpose  by  the 
Mission  or  by  its  Executive  Committee.  This  committee 
shall  meet  to  audit  the  accounts  of  the  Mission  Treasurer 
as  soon  as  possible  after  April  1st  in  each  year. 

In  auditing  the  accounts  the  committee  of  the  Mission  is 
expected  not  only  to  examine  the  footings  and  vouchers  for 
each  payment  but  also  to  report  whether  the  disbursements 
under  appropriations  have  been  made  in  accordance  with  the 
vote  of  the  Mission  and  the  Board.  The  audit  should  in¬ 
clude  an  examination  of  the  cash  on  hand  and  certification 
that  there  is  actual  cash  on  hand  to  the  amount  reported  to 
the  Board. 

Also  all  records  of  the  Treasurer  should  be  reviewed  by 
this  Committee  so  that  it  can  certify  that  everything  is  being 
done  in  accordance  with  the  instructions  of  the  Mission  and 
of  the  Board  as  outlined  in  the  Manual,  and  that  all  trans¬ 
actions  affecting  the  credit  of  the  Board  are  reported  to  it. 

The  report  of  this  committee  of  the  Mission  certifying 
that  such  auditing  has  been  made  and  the  results  thereof 
should  be  presented  to  the  Mission  (or  Executive  Committee) 
and  forwarded  to  the  Treasurer  of  the  Board. 

Reports  of  Treasurers. 

63.  Mission  and  Station  Treasurers  should  officially  ac¬ 
knowledge  all  remittances  received  by  them  for  use  of  the 
Missions. 

The  Treasurer  of  the  Board  may  require  from  time  to 
time  concise  statements  of  the  condition  of  the  Mission  treas- 


42 


uries,  with  summary  of  receipts  and  disbursements.  A  full 
detailed  statement  of  the  transactions  of  the  Mission  and 
Station  Treasurers  shall  be  rendered  at  least  once  a  year. 
The  Mission  Treasurer  may  require  from  institutions  operat¬ 
ing  under  the  Mission  direction,  stated  reports  of  their  finan¬ 
cial  condition. 

Institutions  in  which  the  Mission  shares  with  other  Mis¬ 
sions  the  responsibility  for  the  management,  are  expected  to 
furnish  the  Mission  Treasurer  with  a  copy  of  their  annual 
financial  reports. 

The  balance  sheets  of  all  institutions  should  show  not  only 
receipts  and  disbursements  but  also  the  assets  and  liabilities 
of  the  said  institutions  at  the  close  of  their  fiscal  year. 


43 


SECTION  V. 


SALARIES,  ALLOWANCES, 
FURLOUGHS,  ETC. 

A.  SALARIES. 

64.  Salaries  of  missionaries  vary  in  different  countries,  ac¬ 
cording  to  the  expense  of  living.  They  are  determined  by 
the  Board,  after  correspondence  with  the  Missions.  The 
general  idea  on  which  they  are  fixed  is  that  of  giving  a  com¬ 
fortable  support  to  the  missionaries  while  they  continue  un¬ 
der  commission  of  the  Board  on  the  Mission  field.  Usually 
a  house  is  provided  or  house  rent  paid.  To  the  salary  of  a 
married  man  is  added  an  allowance  for  each  child  under 
twenty-one  years  of  age.  Sixty  per  cent,  of  the  salary  of  a 
married  man  is  provided  as  a  rule  for  unmarried  men  and 
women.  To  a  missionary  remaining  at  his  post  while  his  wife 
returns  to  this  country  the  salary  of  an  unmarried  missionary 
is  allowed,  and  to  his  wife  the  usual  home  allowance  of  a 
single  missionary,  with  the  usual  children’s  allowances. 

In  case  of  the  death  of  any  missionary,  married  or  single, 
or  any  child  of  a  missionary,  the  full  salary  or  allowance 
shall  be  continued  for  one  month  from  date  of  death. 

The  salary  begins,  as  a  rule,  on  the  arrival  of  the  mission¬ 
ary  at  his  Station  and  ends  when  he  leaves  his  Station 
on  his  return  to  this  country  or  on  the  termination  of  his 
connection  with  the  Board. 

In  the  case  of  a  missionary  left  a  widower  or  widow  with 
children  and  keeping  house,  the  salary  shall  be  especially 
arranged,  in  view  of  all  the  circumstances. 

Graded  Salaries. 

65.  During  the  past,  on  some  fields,  salaries  have  been 
graded,  according  to  length  of  service.  Each  Mission  in 


44 


consultation  with  the  Board  should  determine  whether  or 
not  it  wishes  salaries  fixed  in  this  manner. 

Children’s  Allowances. 

66.  An  allowance  of  $200  per  annum  is  made  for  each 
child  under  ten  years  of  age  and  $300  per  annum  for  the  next 
eleven  years,  the  payments  for  the  last  three  years  not  to  be 
made  for  children  who  are  self-supporting  or  are  married  or 
leave  school  permanently  for  other  than  for  health  reasons. 

The  Board  cannot  provide  children’s  allowance  in  case  of 
the  adopted  children  of  missionaries. 

The  Board  defrays  the  expense  of  the  journey  of  the  chil¬ 
dren  of  missionaries  to  this  country  up  to  the  time  that 
their  children’s  allowance  ceases,  the  total  number  of  single 
trips  not  to  exceed  five,  but  it  does  not  engage  to  meet  the 
expense  of  their  return  after  the  age  of  sixteen  to  the  country 
from  which  they  came,  unless  they  go  out  as  missionaries 
under  appointment  of  the  Board. 

In  fields  where  the  term  is  but  three  years,  the  Board  will 
consider  requests  for  seven  trips,  if  circumstances  warrant 
such  requests. 

67.  Homes  are  provided  in  the  United  States  through  the 
generosity  of  Christian  friends,  which  are  available  for  mis¬ 
sionaries  who  wish  to  place  their  children  there.  Inquiries 
concerning  these  homes  should  be  addressed  to  the  Home 
Department  of  the  Board. 

Medical  Allowance. 

68.  (a)  Bills  on  the  field  for  medical,  surgical  and  one- 
half  dental  expenses,  including  prescribed  medicines,  when 
incurred  under  proper  field  and  Board  regulations,  shall  be 
met  under  Class  VI,  within  the  budget.  Each  Mission  should 
include  in  its  estimate  sheets  a  definite  amount  covering  the 
ordinary  needs  of  the  above,  and  this  should  be  put  under 


45 


Class  VI;  it  thus  becomes  untransferable  and  will  con¬ 
stitute  a  medical  fund  carried  over  from  year  to  year. 

(b)  All  bills  of  missionaries  on  furlough  in  excess  of 
$25.00  per  annum  for  single  missionaries  and  $50.00  per  annum 
for  a  family,  for  medical,  surgical,  oculist  and  one-half 
dental  charges,  when  incurred  by  advice  of  the  Board,  will, 
upon  request,  be  met  by  the  Board. 

At  Stations  where  medical  missionaries  are  laboring  under 
commission  from  the  Board,  they  are  regarded  as  the  physi¬ 
cians  of  the  missionary  families  connected  with  the  Board, 
to  render  service  to  them  without  charge,  and  the  Board  does 
not  engage  to  be  responsible  for  expense  incurred  in  seeking 
medical  aid  elsewhere.  The  medical  missionaries  shall  be 
the  health  and  sanitary  officers  in  their  respective  stations. 

Remuneration  for  Outside  Work. 

69.  The  missionary  while  in  connection  with  this  Board 
will  give  his  time  and  strength  to  the  work  of  Foreign  Mis¬ 
sions,  under  the  general  direction  of  the  Mission  and  in  ac¬ 
cordance  with  the  provisions  of  the  Manual.  If,  with  the 
express  sanction  of  the  Mission  and  the  Board,  he  shall  tem¬ 
porarily  undertake  work  not  under  the  care  of  the  Board, 
any  sum  of  money  paid  for  such  work  shall  be  turned  into 
the  treasury  of  the  Mission  and  reported  to  the  Board,  ex¬ 
cept  with  the  approval  of  the  Mission  and  the  explicit  con¬ 
sent  of  the  Board  to  the  contrary.  Where  the  regular  work 
is  a  source  of  revenue,  such  as  medical  fees,  tuition,  etc.,  the 
amount  shall  be  similarly  reported.  This  provision  is  not 
intended  to  cover  gifts  or  occasional  remuneration  received 
by  missionaries  for  personal  services.  (See  Paragraph  33-g.) 

B.  TRAVEL  TO  FIELD. 

Journey  to  the  Field. 

70.  The  Board  pays  the  expense  of  the  journey  from  the 
home  of  the  missionary  to  his  Station,  or  vice  versa,  by  a 


46 


direct  route.  If  any  missionary  wishes  to  deviate  from  this 
route  and  there  be  no  valid  reason  to  the  contrary,  he  shall 
receive  a  sum  equal  to  the  expense  of  the  direct  journey  as 
estimated  by  the  Board  at  the  time.  The  expense  is  based 
upon  the  shortest  and  least  expensive  route  and  is  not  in¬ 
tended  to  include  items  of  emergency  beyond  those  inci¬ 
dent  to  delays  from  disarranged  service.  In  case  of  devia¬ 
tion  from  the  direct  route  or  delays,  the  additional  expense 
of  which  is  assumed  by  the  missionary,  the  time  thus  con¬ 
sumed  will  be  taken  into  consideration  in  fixing  the  date  at 
which  home  allowance  shall  begin  or  end. 

In  this  case  plans  should  be  made  to  arrive  on  the  field 
not  later  than  at  the  expiration  of  the  leave  of  absence. 

The  Board  will  pay  a  personal  allowance  to  the  mission¬ 
aries  while  traveling  without  salary  to  and  from  their  fields 
in  the  amount  of  $1.50  per  day  to  each  missionary,  this  not 
affecting  children’s  allowances.  It  is  understood  that  this 
will  cover  such  miscellaneous  and  incidental  items  during 
travel  as  laundry,  pressing,  barber  charges,  newspapers,  medi¬ 
cines,  trips  ashore  at  ports  of  call,  contributions  to  funds 
on  board  ship,  etc.  It  is  expected  that  this  allowance  will 
meet  any  expenditure  for  steamer  fees  that  may  occur  in 
excess  of  $10.00  per  missionary  which  is  the  maximum  amount 
that  may  be  charged  on  Travel  Account. 

Ample  time  should  be  taken  to  prepare  a  complete  itinerary, 
whether  to  or  from  the  field.  The  relative  merits,  including 
the  expense  of  each  route,  should  be  carefully  considered  and 
the  time  of  departure  so  planned  as  to  make  closest  possible 
connections  on  the  journey. 

The  Treasurer’s  office  in  New  York,  except  in  a  very  few 
cases,  arranges  for  all  steamship  tickets,  but  due  to  a  ruling 
regarding  clergy  fares,  it  is  necessary  for  the  missionary  to 
secure  his  own  railway  transportation  after  arranging  for 
clerical  certificates  through  the  Treasurer’s  office. 


47 


The  Treasurer  will  advise  missionaries  who  are  traveling 
as  to  the  best  hotel  accommodations  available  in  the  ports 
where  they  are  obliged  to  delay  en  route  to  the  field. 

The  above  rules  are  also  applicable  to  travel  on  furlough 
(Paragraph  83). 

Outfit,  General. 

71.  Outfit  allowances  are  granted  when  necessary  to  new 
missionaries.  It  is  the  purpose  of  these  allowances  to  assist 
missionaries  toward  the  purchasing  of  such  articles  as  may 
be  necessary  for  the  furnishing  of  homes  and  necessary  equip¬ 
ment  for  service.  To  unmarried  missionaries  a  grant  of  $250 
is  made  and  to  a  man  and  his  wife  one  of  $500.  In  the  Africa 
and  Mexico  Missions  and  in  certain  stations  of  the  Siam  Mis¬ 
sion,  the  grants  to  the  individual  missionaries  for  outfit 
allowances  are  one-half  the  above  amounts.  In  these  Mis¬ 
sions,  the  Board  appropriates  the  other  half  of  the  outfit 
allowance  to  the  Mission  for  each  missionary,  with  the  un¬ 
derstanding  that  it  is  to  be  expended  for  heavy  furniture 
which  shall  become  the  property  of  the  Mission. 

The  testimony  of  missionaries  is  unanimously  in  favor  of 
retaining  at  least  one-half  of  the  outfit  allowance  until  after 
reaching  destination.  This  outfit  allowance  is  available  until 
the  end  of  the  fiscal  year  following  the  year  of  the  arrival  of 
the  missionary  on  the  field. 

Outfit  lists  indicating  articles  most  needed  on  the  field 
have  been  prepared  by  the  several  missions,  copies  of  which 
will  be  sent  to  the  persons  appointed  when  appointment  is 
made  to  the  particular  field. 

Outfits,  MedicaL 

72.  Medical  missionaries  going  to  stations  where  there 
are  established  hospitals,  are  allowed  a  sum  not  to  exceed 
$50.00  to  provide  a  personal  medical  equipment;  to  those 


48 


going  to  stations  where  there  are  no  hospitals,  an  additional 
allowance  for  surgical  outfit,  not  to  exceed  $300.00  is  made 
after  approval  by  the  Secretary  corresponding  with  the  Mis¬ 
sion  and  the  Medical  Secretary  (or  Adviser)  of  the  Board. 
On  withdrawal  of  missionary  physicians  from  connection 
with  the  Board,  all  such  outfits  shall  be  reported  to  the 
Board  and  turned  over  to  the  Station  Treasurers  to  be  held 
subject  to  the  Board’s  instructions. 

On  the  removal  of  a  medical  missionary  from  one  Station 
to  another  the  medical  outfit  shall  remain  for  the  successor, 
unless  the  medical  work  is  to  be  closed  or  unless  there  is  no 
outfit  at  the  Station  to  which  removal  is  made. 

Baggage  and  Freight  Allowances  of  New  Missionaries. 

73.  The  Board  pays  the  expense  of  packing  and  the  freight 
and  customs  duties  to  the  field  within  reasonable  limits, 
(duties  not  to  exceed  $50.00  per  person)  for  necessary  articles 
for  personal  and  household  use  and  not  on  more  than  is 
included  in  the  regular  freight  and  baggage  allowance.  The 
freight  allowance  for  new  missionaries  is  two  measured  tons 
for  a  single  missionary  and  four  tons  for  a  married  mis¬ 
sionary,  except  as  may  be  determined  by  special  action  of  the 
Board.  The  freight  allowance  for  Africa,  Mexico  and  North 
Siam,  is  one-half  the  usual  amount,  namely,  one  cubic  ton  for 
each  missionary.  One  cubic  or  measured  ton  is  equal  to  40 
cubic  feet.  Any  amount  taken  out  beyond  this  quantity  is  at 
the  personal  expense  of  the  missionary.  Requisitions  may 
be  made  upon  the  Board  for  money  to  cover  the  portion  to 
be  paid  for  by  the  Board  by  a  letter  or  memorandum  sent 
to  the  office. 

The  Board  allows  a  maximum  of  350  pounds  of  baggage 
which  the  missionary  is  entitled  to  carry  free  from  his  home 
to  his  destination  on  the  field,  or  vice  versa.  Many  of  the 
Steamship  Companies  allow  only  20  cubic  feet,  or  perhaps  175 
pounds.  The  railroads  in  the  eastern  section  of  the  United 


49 


States  allow  only  150  pounds,  while  the  trans-Pacific  lines 
and  railways  on  through  trans-Pacific  railroad  tickets  from 
Chicago  or  St.  Louis  west  allow  350  pounds.  In  foreign 
countries  it  is  usually  considerably  less  than  350  pounds. 
Where  the  transportation  lines  allow  less  than  350  pounds 
the  Board  will  pay  excess  charges,  if  necessary,  up  to  350 
pounds  maximum. 

Half  the  above  allowances  will  be  made  for  each  child. 

The  Travel  Manual  gives  special  instructions  as  to  the 
packing  and  shipping  of  freight. 

For  rules  about  Furlough  travel  see  Paragraph  83. 

Passports. 

74.  The  United  States  regulations  in  regard  to  passports 
change  so  constantly  that  it  is  impossible  to  include  in  this 
Manual  instructions  regarding  them.  At  the  present  date, 
1922,  passports  are  necessary.  The  Treasurer’s  Office  will 
furnish  all  needed  information,  and  missionaries  should  be 
very  careful  to  fulfill  all  conditions  and  obtain  passports 
necessary  for  travel. 


C.  FURLOUGHS. 

75.  The  appointment  of  missionaries  contemplates  service 
for  life,  if  the  Lord  will.  Stated  furloughs,  however,  are  in 
complete  accord  with  such  service.  The  change  of  environ¬ 
ment  afforded  tends  to  preserve  or  restore  the  health  and 
energies  of  the  missionaries,  and  their  presence  in  the 
churches  at  home  increases  interest  in  Mission  work.  The 
frequency  of  such  furloughs  varies  with  the  degree  of  isola¬ 
tion  and  the  healthfulness  of  the  climate  of  the  fields  in 
which  the  missionaries  work.  The  terms  of  service,  as  set 
forth  in  the  following  paragraphs  are  determined  by  the 
Board,  in  consultation  with  the  Missions.  Exigencies  of  the 
work  may  render  necessary  a  slight  lengthening  of  the  term 


60 


of  service,  and  exigencies  of  health  may  shorten  the  term. 
In  each  case,  however.  Mission  action  is  necessary,  the  gen¬ 
eral  rule  being  that  all  missionaries  should  take  their  regular 
furloughs  at  stated  times. 

In  cases  where  a  missionary  shall  have  been  on  the  field 
longer  than  the  usual  term  and  his  wife  for  a  period  shorter 
than  the  usual  term,  or  vice  versa,  it  shall  be  allowable  to 
fix  the  minimum  term  of  service  at  a  medium  or  average  point 
for  the  two. 

Terms  of  Service  and  Furloughs. 

76.  (a)  In  every  case  a  furlough  shall  require  the  ap¬ 

proval  of  the  Mission  and,  except  an  emergency  health  fur¬ 
lough,  inclusion  of  the  expense  in  the  estimates.  The  Board 
meets  travel  expenses  both  ways,  unless  specifically  stated  to 
the  contrary. 

The  period  of  furlough  is  in  addition  to  the  time  required 
for  direct  travel. 

The  Missions  shall  ensure  that  the  time  of  leaving  the  field 
be  at  a  suitable  period  after  the  full  term  of  service;  that  the 
return  to  the  field  at  the  expiration  of  the  allowed  furlough 
shall  also  be  at  a  suitable  season  of  the  year;  and  that  the 
furlough  be  so  timed,  if  possible,  that  the  absence  from  the 
field  include  at  least  one  hot  season.  In  this  adjustment  the 
term  of  service  will  not  be  shortened  except  as  specifically 
stated  below: 

In  Japan,  Korea,  China  and  Persia,  where  the  term  of 
service  expires  before  October  1st,  missionaries  shall  be 
allowed  to  leave  on  furlough  during  the  July  previous  to  the 
expiration  of  the  term  of  service,  and  shall  sail  from  America 
at  such  time  in  the  late  summer  of  the  following  year  that 
the  furlough  shall  not  exceed  one  year.  If  the  term  of 
service  expires  after  October  1st,  missionaries  may  leave 
the  field  at  such  time  thereafter  as  the  Mission  may  deter¬ 
mine,  provided  it  be  at  such  a  season  as  to  allow  the  return 


61 


to  the  field  at  the  expiration  of  the  regular  furlough  in 
America. 

In  the  Philippine  Islands,  Hainan  and  Siam,  missionaries 
who  have  arrived  on  the  field  for  the  opening  of  the  schools 
in  June,  may  leave  the  field  on  furlough  when  the  schools 
close  at  the  end  of  March  preceding  the  end  of  the  full  term 
of  service,  returning  before  the  opening  of  the  schools  in 
June  of  the  following  year. 

In  the  Punjab  and  N.  India  Missions  furlough  after  seven 
years  is  ordinarily  to  be  taken  from  September  1st,  return¬ 
ing  to  the  field  for  the  Annual  Meeting  of  the  following 
year.  With  the  permission  of  the  Executive  Committee, 
missionaries  may  have  the  privilege  of  combining  the  regu¬ 
lar  summer  leave  with  their  furlough,  in  which  case  the 
Board  will  be  asked  to  pay  up  to  twelve  and  one-half 
months’  home  allowance. 

(b)  The  first  term  of  service  shall  be  five  years,  except 
in  Africa,  Colombia  and  Mexico,  where  it  shall  be  three  years. 
As  a  general  rule  the  first  furlough  shall  be  used  in  further 
preparation  under  the  direction  of  the  Mission  and  the  Board, 
and  for  this  purpose  the  furlough  may  be  twelve  months. 
If  the  first  furlough  is  not  devoted  to  study  for  further 
preparation  under  the  direction  of  the  Mission  and  the  Board, 
the  regular  furlough  rules  as  to  length  of  furlough  shall  apply. 

(c)  No  provision  is  made  for  a  proportionate  furlough. 
In  case  a  missionary  must  come  home  prior  to  the  regular 
furlough,  the  case  may  be  presented  by  the  Mission  to  the 
Board  for  special  consideration,  and  the  period  of  such  ab¬ 
sence,  less  one  month  for  the  annual  vacation  on  the  field 
(if  the  absence  from  the  field  included  the  regular  vacation 
time)  shall  be  deducted  from  the  period  of  absence  author¬ 
ized  for  that  Mission  for  the  next  regular  furlough,  or,  if 
not  so  deducted,  the  next  full  term  of  service  shall  be  un¬ 
derstood  as  dating  from  the  time  of  return  to  the  field  after 
the  leave  of  absence. 


62 


Subsequent  Furloughs. 

Brasil,  Chile,  Guatemala,  Persia,  Syria,  Japan,  Chosen,  China 
{excepting  S.  China  and  Hainan). 

(d)  The  terms  of  service  and  furlough  subsequent  to  the 
first  in  Brazil,  Chile,  Guatemala,  Persia,  Syria,  Japan,  Chosen 
and  China  (excepting  S.  China  and  Hainan)  shall  be  as 
follows: 

7  years  with  a  12  months’  furlough; 

or  6  years  with  a  9  months’  furlough; 

or  5  years  with  a  6  months’  furlough; 

Hainan. 

(e)  For  Hainan  the  term  of  service  subsequent  to  the 
first  shall  be  5  years  with  12  months’  furlough. 

Philippines,  Siam,  South  China. 

(f)  The  term  of  service  subsequent  to  the  first  in  the 
Philippines,  Siam  and  South  China  shall  be  6  years  with  a 
12  months’  furlough,  or  5  years  with  a  9  months’  furlough. 

India. 

(g)  The  terms  of  service  and  furlough  subsequent  to  the 
first  in  India  shall  be  as  follows: 

1.  In  the  Punjab  and  North  India  Missions 

7  years  with  a  12  months’  furlough; 
or  6  years  with  a  9  months’  furlough; 
or  5  years  with  a  6  months’  furlough; 

2.  In  the  Western  India  Mission  the  term  of  service  sub¬ 
sequent  to  the  first  is  to  be  six  years  with  12  months’  fur¬ 
lough,  or  five  years  with  9  months’  furlough;  the  time  for 
leaving  the  field  on  full  furlough  shall  be  about  the  first  of 
March  following  the  completion  of  term  of  service,  and  for 
leaving  the  United  States  about  the  first  of  April. 


53 


Mexico. 

(h)  The  term  of  service  subsequent  to  the  first  in  Mexico 
shall  be  5  years  with  6  months’  furlough. 

The  term  of  service  in  the  hot  country  shall  be  three  years, 
with  3  months’  furlough  to  be  taken  the  last  quarter  of  the 
third  year. 

Colombia. 

(i)  The  terms  of  service  and  furloughs  subsequent  to  the 
first  for  the  Colombia  Mission  shall  be  as  follows: 

(1)  Barranquilla  and  Cartagena  Stations,  6  months’  fur¬ 
lough,  after  3  years  of  service. 

(2)  Medellin  and  Bucaramanga  Station,  10  months’  fur¬ 
lough  after  5  years  of  service,  or  8  months’  furlough  after 
4  years’  service. 

(3)  Bogota  Station,  10  months’  furlough  after  6  years  of 
service,  or  8  months’  furlough  after  5  years. 

Venezuela. 

(j)  The  term  of  service  subsequent  to  the  first  in  Ven¬ 
ezuela  shall  be  6  years  with  10  months’  furlough,  or  8  months’ 
furlough  after  5  years  of  service. 

West  Africa. 

(k)  The  term  of  service  subsequent  to  the  first  in  Africa 
shall  be  3  years  with  9  months’  furlough. 

New  missionaries  to  Cameroun  are  expected  to  spend  six 
months  in  France  in  the  study  of  French.  This  time  is  in 
addition  to  their  term  of  service  in  Africa. 

Special  Furloughs. 

77.  Any  other  leave  of  absence  than  the  furlough  thus 
provided  for  will  be  by  vote  of  the  Board  on  recommendation 
of  the  Mission,  except  where  a  critical  condition  of  health 


54 


does  not  admit  of  delay,  in  which  case  the  approval  of  the 
Mission  will  be  deemed  sufficient;  the  action  to  be  promptly 
reported  to  the  Board,  with  medical  certificate.  The  Board 
has  adopted  and  furnished  the  Missions  with  a  form  of  cer¬ 
tificate  for  this  purpose,  and  the  reception  and  approval  of 
these  certificates,  together  with  the  judgment  of  the  Mission 
thereon,  must  precede  the  settling  of  the  travel  account  of 
a  missionary  returning  to  the  United  States,  when  no  pro¬ 
vision  has  been  made  for  such  return  in  the  annual  appro¬ 
priation.  This  medical  certificate  must  be  signed  by  the 
Board’s  medical  missionary  at  the  Station,  where  there  is 
one.  Where  a  consultation  of  the  medical  missionaries  of  a 
Mission  is  practicable,  it  shall  be  only  on  the  recommendation 
of  such  a  consultation  that  missionaries  shall  be  ordered 
home  on  account  of  ill  health.  The  same  rules  apply  in  cases 
where  a  serious  illness  of  children  makes  it  necessary  to 
bring  them  to  the  United  States. 

Medical  Examinations. 

78.  When  missionaries  are  sent  home  from  the  field, 
either  at  their  regular  furlough  periods  or  at  other  times, 
on  medical  advice,  the  Mission  Secretary  is  instructed  to 
secure  from  the  doctor  in  charge  a  full  professional  state¬ 
ment  for  the  guidance  of  the  Board’s  Medical  Adviser,  or 
other  home  physician  who  will  have  the  case  in  charge  in 
the  United  States. 

Missions  should  arrange  wherever  possible,  for  an  annual 
physical  examination  of  each  of  their  members. 

Missionaries  when  they  arrive  at  home  on  furlough  are 
to  have  a  thorough  medical  examination,  and  a  sufficient 
portion  of  their  furloughs  is  to  be  spent  in  rest  and  recupera¬ 
tion  to  insure  their  return  to  the  field  in  the  best  physical 
condition. 

Missionaries  before  their  return  to  the  field  after  furlough 

55 


should  have  another  physical  examination  in  order  to  insure 
good  health  on  the  field. 

General  Furlough  Rules. 

79.  It  is  desirable  that  furloughs  be  spent  in  the  United 
States,  Any  missionary  wishing  to  spend  part  of  the  fur¬ 
lough  in  foreign  countries  is  expected  to  correspond  with 
the  Board  with  reference  to  the  time  to  be  so  spent  and  the 
date  at  which  the  home  allowance  shall  begin. 

As  the  Board  pays  the  travel  expense  to  the  home  of  the 
missionary,  it  is  necessary  that  the  domicile  be  stated  when 
rendering  the  travel  account  and  that  the  journey  thereto  be 
in  accordance  with  Paragraph  70. 

The  domicile  shall  be  considered  that  place  at  which  he 
spends  the  greater  part  of  his  furlough  and  not  the  farthest 
point  to  which  he  may  travel  in  making  visits  among  rela¬ 
tives,  friends  or  churches. 

The  Board  pays  a  portion  of  the  travel  expense,  equivalent 
to  the  expense  of  the  trip  from  the  field  to  the  port  of  New 
York  and  return,  of  missionaries  whose  homes  are  not  in 
North  America. 

Home  Allowance. 

80.  The  allowance  while  at  home  shall  be  $1,800  per  an¬ 
num  to  a  husband  and  wife  and  $1,000  to  an  unmarried  man, 
to  an  unmarried  woman  and  to  a  wife  whose  husband  re¬ 
mains  on  the  field.  Missionaries  may,  at  their  discretion, 
draw  in  advance  one  month’s  home  allowance  from  the  Mis¬ 
sion  Treasurer  prior  to  leaving  the  field  or  from  the  Treas¬ 
urer  in  New  York  upon  arriving  in  the  United  States. 

The  home  allowance  begins  when  the  payment  of  travel¬ 
ing  expenses  from  the  field  ceases  and  ends  when  the  pay¬ 
ment  of  traveling  expenses  to  the  field  begins.  Whenever 
the  alternative  offered  in  Paragraph  70  is  accepted,  the  home 


56 


allowance  shall  begin  at  the  time  the  missionary  would  have 
reached  his  home  in  this  country  by  a  direct  route,  and  the 
same  principle  shall  be  applied  when  the  journey  is  toward 
the  field. 

The  home  allowance  of  widows  and  widowers  with  chil¬ 
dren  shall  be  presumptively  that  of  unmarried  missionaries 
plus  children’s  allowances,  with  the  understanding  that  these 
amounts  may  be  supplemented  if  this  is  found  necessary. 

Home  allowance  shall  in  no  case  exceed  the  amount  for 
the  term  of  furlough,  as  set  forth  in  Paragraph  76,  except 
as  serious  physical  disability,  certified  to  by  a  competent 
physician,  may  call  for  a  longer  period,  or  upon  express  con¬ 
sent  of  the  Board.  (See  Paragraph  81.) 

Children’s  allowance  is  not  interrupted  by  travel. 

An  amount  not  to  exceed  $25  per  month  for  a  family, 
toward  rent,  will  be  granted  to  those  furloughed  missionaries 
who  may  need  such  assistance. 

Extension  of  Furlough. 

81.  For  satisfactory  reasons  the  furlough  may  be  ex¬ 
tended,  but  at  the  end  of  the  second  year  except  in  special 
cases,  the  connection  of  the  missionary  with  the  Board  will 
be  terminated. 

Vacations  on  the  Field. 

82.  Such  brief  vacations  on  the  field  as  may  be  necessary 
for  the  best  interests  of  the  Mission  force  are  to  be  de¬ 
termined  both  as  to  time  and  length  by  the  Missions,  on 
the  basis  of  plans  submitted  by  the  Missions  and  approved 
by  the  Board. 

The  Board  will  provide  for  exceptional  field  health 
changes  to  be  determined  by  the  Mission  or  Council,  the 
necessary  expenses  to  be  included  in  the  Annual  Estimates. 


57 


Traveling  on  Furlough. 

83.  When  leave  of  absence  has  been  granted,  the  Board 
defrays  the  expense  of  the  journey  by  the  usual  direct  route 
from  his  Station  to  the  home  of  the  missionary  in  this 
country.  The  alternative  proposition  of  Paragraph  70,  re¬ 
garding  journey  to  the  field,  is  available  for  the  home  journey 
as  well.  One  measured  ton  of  freight,  without  customs  du¬ 
ties,  is  allowed  each  adult  and  one-half  ton  for  each  child. 
The  allowance  for  baggage  is  the  same  as  on  the  first 
journey  (See  Paragraph  73). 

A  freight  allowance  is  not  granted  unless  goods  are  ac¬ 
tually  shipped,  and  an  “out  and  out”  allowance  for  freight 
is  made  only  when  goods  are  shipped  by  some  other  than 
the  direct  and  cheapest  route,  in  which  case  the  allowance  is 
the  estimated  cost  by  such  direct  and  cheapest  route  of  the 
quantity  of  freight,  within  the  allowance,  actually  shipped. 

In  returning  to  the  field  after  furlough  the  same  rules 
apply  as  in  coming  to  this  country. 

Arrangements  for  the  home  journey  should  be  made  on 
the  most  economical  basis  consistent  with  comfort  and 
safety  through  the  Mission  Treasurer.  Missionaries  should 
obtain  from  the  Mission  Treasurer  copies  of  the  Travel 
Manual  with  full  detailed  instructions. 

Missionaries  in  returning  home  should  in  every  case  bring 
a  regular  clearance  sheet  showing  balance  in  personal  ac¬ 
count,  if  any,  date  to  which  salary  and  children’s  allowance 
were  paid,  amount  advanced  for  travel  and  advance  made  on 
home  salary,  if  any.  As  soon  as  possible  after  arriving  in 
New  York  they  should  report  at  the  Board  offices.  Should 
they  arrive  at  any  other  port,  they  should  at  once  send  to 
the  Treasurer  a  full  statement  of  traveling  expenses;  also 
home  address. 


58 


D.  RETIRING  ALLOWANCE. 


84.  At  the  age  of  seventy  or  after  forty  years  of  service 
on  the  field  all  missionaries  shall  be  freed  from  obligatory 
service,  automatically  withdrawing  from  active  work,  and  a 
retiring  allowance  shall  be  provided,  equal  to  field  salary 
while  on  the  field,  or  home  allowance  if  residing  off  the 
field  (in  either  case  without  additional  provision  for  resi¬ 
dence,  rent  or  other  allowances)  the  future  place  of  resi¬ 
dence,  whether  on  the  field  or  in  America,  being  decided  in 
conference  between  the  missionary,  the  Mission  and  the 
Board.  In  cases  where  a  Mission  requests  the  continuance 
of  a  missionary  in  full  service,  he  shall  remain  on  the  active 
list,  his  status  being  subject  to  annual  review  by  the  Mission 
(a  two-thirds  vote  being  required  for  the  approval  of  his  con¬ 
tinuance  on  the  active  list).  All  questions  relating  to  the 
missionary’s  future  status  shall  be  decided  at  the  Mission 
Meeting  next  preceding  the  date  when  the  retiring  age  is 
reached. 

In  exceptional  cases,  retirement  may  take  place  before  the 
age  of  seventy,  the  matter  being  raised  by  the  missionary, 
the  Mission  or  the  Board,  and  decided  in  conference  be¬ 
tween  the  three  parties. 


SECTION  VI. 


THE  CHURCH  ON  THE  MISSION  FIELD 

A.  RELATION  OF  THE  CHURCH  ON  THE  FIELD 

TO  MISSION  POLICY. 

85.  Mission  Policy  in  relation  to  the  Church  in  the  Mission 
Field  should  be  decided  by  the  Mission  and  the  Board,  but 
the  counsel  and  advice  of  national  Christians  should  be  con¬ 
sidered,  due  weight  being  given  to  the  same  in  formulating 
these  policies. 

B.  RELATION  OF  THE  CHURCH  ON  THE  FIELD 

TO  THE  CONTROL  OF  MISSION  FUNDS. 

86.  1.  The  right  to  the  control  and  administration  of 
Mission  funds  inheres  in  the  Mission,  but  a  Mission  at  its 
discretion,  and  with  the  approval  of  the  Board,  may  make 
such  grants  to  the  Church  on  the  Field  for  general  or  spe¬ 
cific  purposes  as  it  deems  advisable,  the  Church  on  the  Field 
then  having  the  power  of  control  over  and  administration  of 
such  funds. 

2.  If  deemed  advisable,  a  Mission  may  with  the  consent 
of  the  Board  transfer  funds  or  institutions  or  other  work  to 
the  Church  on  the  Field  or  a  Cooperating  Committee  of  the 
Mission  and  the  Church  on  the  Field  which  may  administer 
the  same. 

3.  Such  joint  or  cooperating  Committee  should  be  com¬ 
posed  of  certain  members  selected  by  the  duly  constituted 
Mission  authorities  and  certain  members  selected  by  the 
duly  constituted  Church  authorities. 

4.  Such  a  plan  should  be  put  in  operation  primarily  in 
those  fields  where  there  is  either  a  strong  desire  or  capacity 
for  self-government  which  has  outgrown  the  financial  ability 
of  the  Church,  but  that  it  be  not  adopted  with  the  idea  of 


60 


permanency,  but  as  a  temporary  expedient  looking  forward 
to  and  looking  up  to  self-support  and  final  complete  control 
by  the  Church  on  the  Field. 

C.  RELATION  BETWEEN  MISSIONS  AND  THE 

CHURCH  ON  THE  FIELD. 

87.  1.  National  consciousness  should  be  welcomed  and 
recognized  by  provision  for  the  absolute  independence  of  the 
Church  on  the  Field,  with  complete  ecclesiastical  authority, 
and  responsibility  for  the  administration  of  its  own  affairs. 

2.  This,  however,  need  not  prevent  connection  of  the  mis¬ 
sionary  with  the  church  courts,  nor  connection  in  an  ad¬ 
visory  capacity,  nor  the  power  to  serve  on  committees  or  to 
serve  the  Church  on  the  field  in  any  capacity,  provided  the 
desire  of  the  Church  for  such  relationship  or  service  is  ex¬ 
pressed  by  the  Church  itself  through  its  own  ecclesiastical 
authorities,  but  all  such  relationship  should  be  looked  upon 
as  temporary  and  as  falling  short  of  the  final  objective,  which 
is  an  indigenous  Church  on  a  native  basis  in  which  the  foreign 
missionary  becomes  no  longer  a  necessity. 

3.  Where  the  Church  on  the  Mission  Field  desires  it  and 
the  Mission  approves,  the  ordained  members  of  the  Mission 
may  connect  themselves  with  the  courts  of  the  Church  on  the 
field. 

D.  IDEALS  OF  THE  CHURCH  ON  THE  FIELD. 

88.  The  Church  on  the  Mission  Field  should  aim  to  be¬ 
come  self-propagating,  self-supporting  and  self-governing, 
and  should  be  diligent  in  applying  the  principles  of  the 
Gospel  of  Christ  to  the  social  and  moral  problems  of  com¬ 
munity  and  nation;  the  Mission,  with  wise  counsel  and  cor¬ 
dial  assistance  should  encourage  and  foster  the  Church  in 
the  carrying  out  of  this  purpose. 


61 


E.  NATIONAL  LEADERSHIP  AND  STUDY  ABROAD. 


89.  The  Board  recognizes  the  necessity  of  trained 
leadership-ministers  and  lay  workers,  both  men  and  women 
— and  that  it  is  the  duty  of  the  Mission  to  start,  sustain, 
and  foster  schools  for  the  training  of  such  leaders.  In  all 
forms  of  work,  the  Church  on  the  Field  should  be  encour¬ 
aged  from  the  first  to  cooperate  with  a  view  to  ultimate  as¬ 
sumption  of  responsibility.  As  higher  education  differs  in 
different  fields,  the  Missions  seek  such  advancement  as  will 
place  the  leaders  on  a  footing  of  equality  with  the  best 
thought  of  their  constituents,  and  to  that  end,  the  Post  War 
Conference  recommended  that  a  limited  number  of  native 
leaders  who  have  availed  themselves  of  the  facilities  for 
higher  education  on  the  field  be  carefully  selected  for  study 
abroad,  after  they  have  been  sufficiently  tested  in  active 
service  in  the  work  for  which  they  have  been  trained  and 
have  adequate  knowledge  of  the  English  language  and  pro¬ 
vision  for  financial  support.  Such  workers  should  be  sent 
only  upon  official  approval  by  the  Mission  and  by  the  proper 
body  of  the  Church  on  the  field  and  only  when  adequate 
financial  support  has  been  assured  in  advance.  It  should  be 
understood  that  no  obligation  to  employ  these  students  upon 
return  to  their  fields  devolves  upon  the  Mission  or  the 
Church. 


62 


SECTION  VII. 


COOPERATION.  UNION  AND  OUTSIDE 
RELATIONSHIPS 

A.  COOPERATION  WITH  OTHER  MISSIONS. 

90.  1.  Cooperation  should  be  entered  into  with  other  Mis¬ 
sions  of  evangelical  faith  in  any  way  that  will  advance  the 
cause  of  Christ,  looking  forward  to  union  as  it  may  grow 
out  of  this  Christian  cooperation. 

2.  Union  should  be  entered  into  when  practicable  as  a 
natural  result  of  cooperative  effort  on  the  field. 

B.  COOPERATION  IN  EVANGELISTIC  EFFORT. 

91.  In  the  large  centers  of  population,  in  particular,  union 
evangelistic  efforts  should  be  entered  into,  in  the  endeavor 
to  reach  and  evangelize  the  unchurched  masses. 

C.  COOPERATION  IN  EDUCATIONAL  WORK. 

92.  1.  Cooperation  should  be  undertaken  in  the  higher 
grades  of  education,  the  actual  stage  to  be  determined  by  the 
local  conditions  of  the  country. 

2.  Cooperating  Missions  and  Churches,  having  delegated 
powers  to  a  field  Board  of  Control,  should  leave  to  this 
Board  the  decision  of  matters  relating  to  the  faculty  and  the 
preparation  of  budget. 

D.  COOPERATION  IN  PRESS  AND  PERIODICALS. 

93.  There  should  be  a  carefully  worked  out  plan  of  co¬ 
operation  or  union  of  the  presses  of  a  given  country  or  region, 
and  in  the  publication  of  evangelical  literature.  Union  effort 
is  particularly  urged  in  the  publication  of  text  books  and 


63 


general  literature  for  schools,  Sunday  School  helps,  hospital 
and  other  records,  hymn  books,  temperance  literature,  tracts, 
and  other  evangelistic  publications,  works  related  to  sanita¬ 
tion  and  social  hygiene,  etc. 

E.  GENERAL  ASSEMBLY  ACTIONS  CONCERNING 
POLICY  OF  UNION  AND  CO-OPERATION. 

94.  The  definitely  established  policy  of  the  General  As¬ 
sembly  and  the  Board  concerning  the  policy  of  Union  and 
Cooperation  is  expressed  in  the  action  of  the  Board,  May  15, 
1900,  and  specifically  approved  by  the  General  Assembly  of 
that  year,  as  follows: 

“Believing  that  the  time  has  come  for  a  yet  larger 
measure  of  union  and  cooperation  in  mission  work,  the 
Board  would  ask  the  General  Assembly  to  approve  its 
course,  in  recommending  to  its  Missions  in  various  lands 
(in  line  with  the  General  Assembly’s  action  of  1887,  Minutes, 
p.  23,  having  in  view  building  up  independent  national 
churches  holding  to  the  Reformed  doctrine  and  the  Presby¬ 
terian  polity)  that  they  encourage  as  far  as  practicable  the 
formation  of  union  churches,  in  which  the  results  of  the  mis¬ 
sion  work  of  all  allied  Evangelical  Churches  should  be  gath¬ 
ered,  and  that  they  observe  everywhere  the  most  generous 
principles  of  missionary  comity;  and,  further,  it  is  voted  that 
the  Board  now  adopt  the  statement  of  policy  prepared  by 
its  special  Committee  on  Policy  and  Methods,  and  submit¬ 
ted  to  many  of  the  missionaries  and  approved  by  them,  as 
follows: 

“In  the  view  of  the  Board  the  object  of  the  foreign  mis¬ 
sionary  enterprise  is  not  to  perpetuate  on  the  mission  field 
the  denominational  distinctions  of  Christendom,  but  to  build 
up  on  Scriptural  lines,  and  according  to  Scriptural  principles 
and  methods,  the  Kingdom  of  our  Lord  Jesus  Christ.  Where 
Church  union  cannot  be  attained,  the  Board  and  Missions 
will  seek  such  divisions  of  territory  as  will  leave  as  large 


64 


districts  as  possible  to  the  exclusive  care  and  development 
of  separate  agencies.  It  is  believed  that  in  other  regards, 
also,  missionary  comity  should  be  given  large  range;  (1) 
Salaries  of  native  workers  should  be  so  adjusted  among  Mis¬ 
sions  as  not  to  introduce  an  element  of  dissatisfaction  among 
the  workers  of  any  Mission,  or  to  tempt  them  away  from 
the  Mission  with  which  they  are  connected.  (2)  Each  Mis¬ 
sion  and  the  churches  connected  therewith  should  recognize 
the  acts  of  discipline  of  other  Missions  and  the  churches  con¬ 
nected  with  them.  (3)  In  cooperative  educational  work,  and 
especially  where  the  schools  of  one  Mission  train  helpers 
for  other  Missions,  the  latter  should  render  some  compensa¬ 
tory  service.  (4)  Printing  establishments  are  in  many  Mis¬ 
sions  required  by  the  missionary  work.  Such  should  not  be 
unnecessarily  duplicated.  The  printing  establishment  of  one 
Mission  should,  if  possible,  be  made  to  serve  the  needs  of 
all  others  in  the  same  territory.  (5)  A  hospital  invariably 
opens  wide  opportunities  for  evangelistic  work.  Until  these 
are  properly  utilized,  it  is  not  judicious  or  economical  to 
establish  other  hospitals,  the  results  of  whose  establishment 
will  be  to  multiply  further  unutilized  spiritual  opportunities. 
(6)  Fellowship  and  union  among  native  Christians  of  what¬ 
ever  name  should  be  encouraged  in  every  possible  way,  with 
a  view  to  that  unity  of  all  disciples  for  which  our  Lord 
prayed,  and  to  which  all  mission  effort  should  contribute.” 

In  1905  the  Assembly  “noted  with  satisfaction  the  readi¬ 
ness  of  the  Board  to  give  cordial  response  to  appeals  from 
the  Mission  Stations  for  endorsement  of  reasonable  union 
movements  properly  conserving  essential  truths,”  while  in 
1916  it  voted: 

“That  the  Assembly  reiterate  its  hearty  approval  of  the 
Board’s  policy  to  promote  comity,  cooperation  and  union  in 
all  practicable  ways,  thus  avoiding  denominational  overlap¬ 
ping  and  the  undue  multiplication  of  agencies  in  a  given  field, 
but  using  men  and  money  to  the  best  advantage.” 


65 


F.  POLITICAL  ACTIVITIES. 


95.  Although  the  work  of  foreign  missions,  so  far  as  its 
primary  aims  and  ultimate  purposes  may  be  realized,  will 
affect  for  good  all  human  life  and  will  contribute  to  true 
political  progress  and  well-being,  it  is  the  general  duty  of 
missionaries  to  refrain  from  direct  political  activities  and  not 
to  be  involved  in  political  movements  or  disputes. 

G.  HIGHER  EDUCATIONAL  INSTITUTIONS  (NOT 
UNION)  AND  THEIR  RELATION  TO  MISSION 

AND  BOARD. 

96.  Institutions  of  higher  learning,  other  than  union  insti¬ 
tutions,  may,  at  the  discretion  of  the  Mission,  be  related  to 
the  Mission  direct  and  not  to  the  individual  stations.  Their 
budgets  may,  at  the  discretion  of  the  Mission,  appear  as  sepa¬ 
rate  from  the  Station  budgets  in  the  Mission  estimates. 


GG 


SECTION  VIII 


FUTURE  POLICY 

97.  The  Home  Church  and  field  force  should  be  steadily 
held  to  consideration  of  the  whole  task  and  the  full  ob¬ 
jective  set  forth  in  Section  I  of  this  Manual. 

Each  Mission  should  take  steps  to  secure  such  contact  of 
all  its  workers  with  various  forms  of  evangelistic  work  as 
may  keep  them  sensitive  to  its  essential  place  in  the  total 
enterprise,  and  that  each  Mission  and  Station  should  make 
definite  inquiry  as  to  the  relation  of  its  entire  program  to  the 
defined  objective. 

The  objective  of  immediate  advance  should  be  in  those 
forms  of  work  which  are  directed  toward  a  more  adequate 
native  leadership.  Institutions,  agencies,  and  activities  which 
develop  such  leadership  should  be  established  or  strength¬ 
ened  immediately  and  primarily.  The  general  principles 
will  be  applied  according  to  conditions  that  obtain  in  par¬ 
ticular  fields. 

First  consideration  in  plans  for  expansion  shall  be  given 
to  those  lands  and  sections  for  which  our  own  Church  is 
wholly  responsible;  which  occupy  strategic  points  for  world 
witness;  where  responsiveness  is  most  manifest;  and  in  which 
emergent  opportunities  exist. 

Subject  to  manifest  providence,  existing  work  should  be 
strengthened  rather  than  new  work  undertaken,  wise  strategy 
at  this  time  suggesting  centralization  rather  than  diffusion 
of  work,  the  maintaining  of  strong  centers  at  strategic  points 
by  missionaries  rather  than  many  lesser  points,  with  the 
expectation  that  from  these  central  points  wide  and  constant 
itineration  will  be  undertaken. 

98.  The  Board  expects  that  such  frequent  and  thorough 
supervision  of  the  work  shall  be  exercised  by  each  Mission 
as  will  secure  to  it  knowledge  of  its  progress  in  the  execution 


67 


of  the  policy  and  regular  expansion  to  meet  new  situations. 
This  survey  and  policy  may  be  made  and  executed  by  Council 
decisions  where  such  organizations  exist,  and  wherever  pos¬ 
sible  the  survey  should  be  made  by  personal  visitation  rather 
than  by  written  questionnaire.  In  cases  where  union  work 
is  involved,  or  where  church  fields  clearly  overlap,  the  survey 
may  be  made  in  cooperation  with  other  denominations.  The 
Board  will  consider  the  possibility  of  supplying  to  each  Mis¬ 
sion  one  or  more  workers  from  other  fields  to  assist  in  the 
survey  and  in  the  discussion  of  the  proposed  policy. 

The  Board  recognizes  the  duty  of  recurrent  and  thor¬ 
ough  study: 

(a)  Of  the  operating  methods  of  our  missionary  enter¬ 
prise  as  a  whole  with  a  view  to  the  developing  of  more 
economical  and  effective  methods  of  administration: 

(b)  Of  the  methods  now  emphasized  in  calling  and  hold¬ 
ing  the  Home  Church  to  its  accepted  task  of  world-wide 
proclamation  of  the  Gospel,  with  a  view  to  its  larger  loyalty 
and  effectiveness. 

99.  Amendments. 

Each  Field  Council  or  Mission  may  suggest  to  the  Board 
changes  in,  or  amendments  to  the  Manual.  Opportunity 
for  further  study  and  revision  will  be  given  at  future  con¬ 
ferences,  similar  to  the  Post  War  Conference  of  1920. 

The  Board  reserves  the  right,  after  consultation  with  the 
Missions  when  possible,  to  modify  or  change  the  Manual 
as  in  the  judgment  of  the  Board  at  any  time  may  seem  wise. 


68 


INDEX 


Paragraphs 

A 


Affiliated  Missionaries .  7b 

Africa  . 76k 

Age  .  11 

Aim  .  1 

Allowances,  Baggage  and  Freight  73 

Children’s  .  66 

Home  .  80 

Medical  .  68 

Retiring  .  84 

Travel  .  70 

Amendments  .  99 

Annual  Meetings  .  37 

Appeals  for  Funds .  52 

Applications  of  Candidates .  9 

Appointments  .  10 

Short  Terra  .  22 

Appropriations  .  19 

Special  .  S3 

Transfer  of  .  51 

Auditing  Committee  .  62 

B 

Baggage  Allowances  .  73 

Balances  .  SO 

Board  and  General  Assembly....  2 

Brazil  . 76d 

Business  Secretaries  . 47e 

By  Laws  .  39 

C 

Candidates,  Aid  to .  19 

Candidates,  Requirements  . 7-18 

Certificates  of  Credit  .  60 

Children’s  Allowances  .  66 

Children’s,  Travel  .  66 

Chile  . 76d 

China  . 76d 

Chosen  . 76d 

Chosen  Commission  . 2,  32,  33 

Church  in  the  Field . 85-89 

Church  Work  .  3 

Clearance  Sheet  .  83 

Colombia  . 76i 

Committees  .  42 

Auditing  .  62 

Executive  .  37 

Guidance  . 23,  27 

Language  .  25 

Property  .  57 


Paragraphs 

Conference,  New  Missionaries..  22 


Constitution  of  Mission .  32 

Cooperation  . 90-94 

Correspondence  with  the  Home 

Base  .  43 

Councils,  Field  .  38 

Customs  .  73 

D 

Death  .  64 

Deficits  .  50 

Designated  Field  . 19,  21,  23 

Domicile  on  Furlough .  79 

Drafts,  Emergency  .  61 

Regular  . 47b 

E 

Ecclesiastical  Meetings  .  85 

Educational  Institutions  . 96 

Educational  Missionaries  .  13 

Educational  Requirements  .  8 

Educational  Work  .  5 

Emergency  Drafts  . 47,  61 

Estimates  . 49-52 

Evangelistic  Work  .  3 

Examination,  Medical  .  78 

Exchange  .  54 

Executive  Committee  .  37 

Powers  of  .  42 

F 

Field  Councils  .  38 

Revenue  . 47c 

First  Term  . 26,  27 

Forms  of  Work . 3-6 

Freight  Allowances  . 73,  83 

Furloughs,  Extension  of .  81 

First  . 26,  27,  76b 

General  Rules  . 75,  79 

Proportionate  . 76c 

Special  .  77 

Future  Policy  . 97-98 

G 

Gifts  .  52 

Guatemala  . 76d 

General  Assembly  and  Board....  2 
And  Missionaries  .  2 


On  Union  and  Cooperation....  94 


69 


Paragraphs 

H 


Hainan  . 76e 

Health  Returns  .  77 

Home  Allowance  . 80 

Homes,  Missionary  Children  ...  67 
Hunan  .  76 


Paragraphs 


Missionaries,  Affiliated  .  70 

Appointed  on  Field . 17,  18 

Classes  .  11 

Junior  .  23 

Requirements  . 7-10,  12-18 

Special  Terra  .  7c 

Money  Orders  .  60 


I 

Ideals,  Church  on  the  Field....  88 


India  . 76g 

Industrial  Missionaries  .  15 

Insurance  .  59 

Institutional  Accounts  .  63 

Interviews  with  Officers  .  20 


J 

Japan  . 76d 

Journey  to  Field .  70 

Junior  Missionaries  . 25-28 


IL 

Language  Committee  .  25 

School  and  Study .  24 

Leadership,  Native  .  89 

Letters  to  Board .  43 

To  Supporters  .  43 

Liberty  of  Transfer .  51 

Literary  Work  . 6,  46 

Loans  . 47 


M 

Manual  . Int. 

Amendments  .  99 

Medical,  Allowances  .  68 

Examinations  .  78 

Missionaries  .  14 

Outfits  .  72 

Work,  aim  of .  4 

Mexico  . 76h 

Mission — Annual  Meetings  .  36 

By-Laws  .  39 

Committees  .  42 

Constitution  of  .  32 

Church  on  the  Field . 85-89 

Minutes  .  36 

Powers  of  .  33 

Principles  . 35,  39 

Secretary  of  . 40 

Treasurer  .  41 


N 


National  Leadership  .  89 


O 

Objectives  .  1 

Office  Equipment  . . 47f 

Ordained  Missionaries  .  12 

Organization  of  Mission  . 35 

Outfit — Regular  .  71 

Medical  .  72 

Outside  Gifts  .  52 

Outside  Work  .  69 


P 

Passports  .  74 

Persia  . 76d 

Philippines  . 76f 

Plans,  Land  and  Building .  55 

Political  Activities  .  95 

Policy,  Future  . 39,  97-98 

Powers  of  Mission .  33 

Property,  Committee  ....42,  55,  57 

Purchase  .  55 

Rent  or  Sale .  56 

Reports  .  55 

Printing  Press  .  45 


B 

Recalls  .  31 

Receipts  on  the  Field . _.  .65,  69 

Relations,  Board  and  Mission..  2 

Church  and  Mission  . 85-89 

Remuneration,  Outside  Work...  69 

Rents  . 49,  56 

Repairs  .  58 

Requests  . 43c 

Requirements — General  . 7-10 

Special  . 11-18 

Resignations  .  29 

Retirements  .  84 

Revenue,  Field  . 47c 


70 


T 


Paragraphs 


Paragraphs 

S 


Sale  of  Property  .  56 

Salaries  .  64 

Graded  .  65 

Secretaries,  Business  .  47 

Mission  . 40 

Station  .  40 

Short  Term  Appointments .  24 

Siam  . 76f 

South  China  . 76f 

Special  Appeals  .  52 

Specialization  Work  .  23 

Special  Term  Missionaries .  7c 

Station — Powers  .  34 

Statistics  .  43 

Supporters’  Letters  to . 43d-e-f 

Survey  .  46 

Sustentation  Fund  .  30 

Syria  . 76d 


Terms  of  Service . 28,  76 

Treasurers,  Mission  . 41,  47 

Station  .  48 

Reports  of  . 47d,  63 

Transfers  .  51 

Travel,  Allowances  .  70 

Furlough  .  83 

U 

Union  and  Cooperation . 90-94 

V 

Vacation  cn  the  Field .  82 

Venezuela  . 76k 

W 

West  Africa  . 76k 

Withdrawal  .  29 

Women  Missionaries  .  16 

Correspondence  of  . 43e 


71 


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